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T#8 Evolution

This stack includes both terms/defs AND "target practice" with images.

TermDefinition
inherited characteristic a trait that parents pass to their offspring through their DNA
acquired characteristic a trait that parents get during their lifetime which cannot be passed to their offspring through their DNA
species a group of organisms that can successfully reproduce with each other
evolution slow change in the inherited characteristics of a species over many, many generations
natural selection Darwin’s explanation of how evolution happens based on four ideas: overproduction, genetic variation, struggle for survival, and survival and reproduction of the fittest
genetic variation differences in inherited traits among members of a species; new variations happen because of genetic mutations
adaptation a genetic variation that helps an organism to survive better than an organism without the variation
gradualism explanation of how fast evolution happens and how new species evolve; gradualism says new species evolve slowly by gradual change
punctuated equilibrium explanation of how fast evolution happens and how new species evolve; punctuated equilibrium says new species evolve “quickly” due to small genetic mutations and/or rapid environmental change, then stay the same for long periods of time
evidence how you know something has happened
fossil any remains of life from an earlier time (imprints, casts, mineralized bone or wood, actual organism trapped in ice or amber) – a type of evidence for evolution
relative dating a way of estimating the age of a fossil by comparing layers of sedimentary rock…deeper layers are older
radioactive dating a way of estimating the age of a fossil by measuring the decay of radioactive elements
homologous structure body parts with similar structure in different organisms (wing of a bat and flipper of a dolphin) – a type of evidence for evolution
vestigial structure body parts that are shrunken or reduced in function (appendix in a human) – a type of evidence for evolution
embryology study of developing embryos – a type of evidence for evolution
DNA coded instructions to build an organism – a type of evidence for evolution
Rosalind Franklin DNA x-ray expert whose work was taken and used without being given credit
Maurice Wilkins gave the "Photo 51" DNA x-ray to the model-building team
James Watson & Francis Crick model builders who used "Photo 51" DNA x-ray to help finish their DNA model
Watson, Crick, & Wilkins won the Nobel Prize for figuring out the shape of DNA
Reginald Punnett mathematician who came up with a way to calculate probabilities
Gregor Mendel Austrian monk who figured out rules of genetics while studying pea plants
Created by: wholt
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