Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Renal - Awesome
Urine studies, casts and other renal
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| muddy brown casts | acute tubular necrosis (necrotic so muddy and brown) |
| RBC casts | glomerular damage |
| Urine Cl- < 10 mmol/l - what does this mean? | Often associated with volume depletion (increased proximal tubular reabsorption of HCO3) Respond to saline infusion (replaces chloride and volume) Common causes: previous thiazide diuretic therapy, vomiting (90% of cases) |
| Urine Cl- > 20 mmol/l - what does this mean? | |
| What should you be thinking when pts have high Cr and pelvic tumors or irradiation, congenital urinary abnormalities, kidney stones, genitourinary infections, procedures or surgeries, and prostatic enlargement - should increase suspicion for obstruction | obstruction as cause of AKI - do kidney US |
| When should you NOT use FeNa | with diuretic use or obstructive etiology |
| diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis - how to dx and how to treat | Dx with kidney bx, tx with prednisone and IV cyclophosphamide for 6 months, followed by azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil maintenance therapy, monitor with titers of anti-ds-DNA |
| when do you think of low phos? | chronic alcohol use, critical illness, and malnutrition |
| fractional excretion of phosphate (FEPO4) less than 5% | less than 5% suggests increased cellular uptake or extrarenal phosphate loss as the cause of the low serum phosphate |
| fractional excretion of phosphate value greater than 5% | is consistent with renal phosphate wasting |
| in malnutrition, what should the fractional excretion of phosphate be? | less than 5% - extrarenal |
| what do you see in primary HyperPTH | high PTH, low phos, high Ca; no other proximal renal tubular abnormalities |
| true or false - hyperaldo is always associated with hypo K | FALSE - Primary hyperaldosteronism is inconsistently associated with hypokalemia, and its absence in a patient with resistant hypertension should not influence the decision to screen for this condition |
| normal urine protein in 24h | More than 95% of adults will excrete less than 130 mg/24 h of protein in the urine, and the normal value is defined as less than 150 mg/24 h |
| urine dipstick positivity for blood in the absence of hematuria | rhabdo |
| Propylene glycol causes what kind of acid base abnormality | in preparations of intravenous benzodiazepines (such as lorazepam and diazepam) - a lactic acidosis with an increased anion gap may occur |
| nephrotic syndrome - what is the amount of protein that defines it? what are the other symptoms of the syndrome? | urine protein–creatinine ratio greater than 3.5 mg/mg, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, lipiduria, edema, and hypercoagulability |
| new-onset hypertension accompanied by the development of proteinuria | Preeclampsia |
| tx idiopathic hypercalciuria with what | thiazide diuretic (HCTZ or cholorthalidone) which reabsorbs Ca |
| give what to alkalinize the urine | K citrate |
Created by:
christinapham
Popular USMLE sets