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Ch3: Genetics
Stack #194098
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The passing of traits from parents to offspring. | heredity |
| A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes. | trait |
| The scientific study of heredity. | genetics |
| The process in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join to form a new organism. | fertilization |
| The offspring of many generations that have the same traits. | purebred |
| The set of information that controls a trait. | gene |
| The different forms of a gene. | alleles |
| An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. | dominant allele |
| An allele that is masked (hidden) when a dominant allele is present. | recessive allele |
| An organism that has two different alleles for a trait. | hybrid |
| A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur. | probability |
| A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross. | Punnett square |
| An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. | phenotype |
| An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations. | genotype |
| Having two identical alleles for a trait. | homozygous |
| Having two different alleles for a trait. | heterozygous |
| A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive. As a result, both alleles are expressed in the offspring. | codominance |
| The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half. | meiosis |
| RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm. | messenger RNA |
| RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain. | transfer RNA |
| The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. | DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) |
| Plays an important role in the production of proteins. | RNA (ribonucleic acid) |
| When the cell uses information from a gene on a chromosome to produce a specific protein. | protein synthesis |
| How are RNA and DNA different? | RNA contains Uracil instead of Thymine. RNA has only one strand , while DNA has two. RNA contains a different sugar molecule from the sugar found in DNA. |
| During protein synthesis, messenger RNA provides... | a code from DNA in the nucleus. |
| Each transfer RNA picks up one kind of | amino acid. |
| Inside what structure are proteins made? | ribosome |
| What causes a cell to produce an incorrect protein, resulting in the organism's trait , or phenotype, being different from what it normally would have been. | mutation |
| Inside what structure are proteins made? | ribosome |
| What causes a cell to produce an incorrect protein, resulting in the organism's trait, or phenotype, being different from what it normally would have been? | mutation |
Created by:
green8
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