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Science
Science Finals study guide packet 3 - 6th grade - 2015
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pangaea | The super continent that broke up apporoximately 150,000,000 BP- it began about 300,000,000 BP |
| Convection | The transfer of heat through a heated fluid |
| Conduction | The transfer of energy through direct contact |
| Radiation | The transfer of energy through space |
| Accretion | The process by which the earth formed through gravity bringing together the smaller particles of matter to form a planet |
| The crust | The outer layer of the earth that is made out of rock- it makes the continents and the ocean bottom |
| The outer core | The outer layer of the core- made of molten metals; iron and nickel- it gives the earth its magnetic fields |
| The inner core | The center of the earth- made of iron and nickel that is solid |
| The Lithosphere | The layer of the earth that is made of the upper layer of the mantle and the earth's crust |
| The Asthenosphere | The part of the mantle below the lithosphere that has the consistency of asphalt- it contains the convection currents that cause the movement of the earth's plates |
| Sea Floor spreading | The process that continually adds material to the sea floor by molten rock hardening and then being pushed by new molten rock(makes the Atlantic wider) |
| The San Andreas fault | A transform boundary fault in California |
| Subduction | The process where a heavier oceanic plate slides under a lighter continental plate (The Pacific plate goes under the Eurasian plate) |
| A transform boundary fault | Is the place where two plates slide or slip past each other in opposite directions |
| An example of a rift(3) | The Great African rift starts in the mountains of Eastern Africa and goes north under the Red Sea- The Rhine Valley is a rift that goes from the North Sea through Germany- The Mid-Atlantic ridge is an under-sea mountain range that divides the Atlantic Oce |
| What are and where are the 8 major plates of the earth? | North American, South American, Eurasian, African, Nazca, Indo-Australian, Pacific, Antartic |
| What are and where are the 4 major layers of the earth? | Inner core, Outer core, Mantle, and Crust |
| Sea Floor Spreading makes what? | A new ocean bottom |
| The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of what? | A divergent boundary |
| What causes the magnetic fields of the earth? | Convection currents of the outer core |
| What are common rocks of the crust? | Granite and Basalt; hardened magma |
| What are examples of subduction? | The Pacific plate subduction under the Eurasian plate- The Indo-Australian plate subducts u dear the Eurasian plate where India collides with South Asia. The Himalayan mountain range is formed where the two continental plates collide |
| Conglomerate | Pebbles and other sediments are cemented together by minerals that are usually dissolved in water and the fill in the space between pebbles with the mineral- Sedimentary rock |
| Shale | Layers of mud and clay are compressed by the weight of top layers forcing out water and making the layers stick together- Sedimentary rock |
| Limestone | Layers of ground up seashells are compressed by top layers and partially dissolved by water making the layers stick together- Sedimentary rock |
| Sandstone | Layers of sand compressed together by the weight and pressure from top layers pressing on the bottom ones and force the particles of sediment (sand) together- Sedimentary rock |
| Slate | Is shale that has undergone pressure and heat to form a new rock that is harder- Metamorphic rock |
| Quartzite | Is sandstone that becomes harder because new crystals have formed in the spaces between the sand particles- Metamorphic rock |
| Gneiss | Is formed when the igneous rock granite is put under heavy pressure and heat- The large crystals of the granite becomes the bands of different minerals in the gneiss- Metamorphic Rock |
| Schist | Is formed when igneous deposits are put under pressure and heat- often times the igneous rock is a mixture of different types- one famous schist deposit makes up the basement rocks of lower Manhattan- Metamorphic rock |
| Obsidian | Looks like smooth glass- is sharp |
Created by:
Koutsantanou
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