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Science
Science Finals study guide packet 1- 6th grade- 2015
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earth's Tilt | 23 1/2 degrees- gives us the four seasons of the temperature zones- gives us the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn |
| Aphelion | When the earth is furthest from the sun |
| Perihelion | When the earth is closest to the sun |
| Elliptical Orbit | When the orbit is shaped like an ellipse- A-symmetrical elliptical orbit |
| Earth's Revolution | When the earth goes around the sun- it takes 365.24 days- gives us the year |
| Earth's Rotation | The spinning of the earth on its axis- the rotation of the earth around the sun- it takes 24 hours- gives us night and day |
| Speed of Earth's Rotation | Approximately 1,000 MPH |
| Satellite | The moon is earth's natural satellite |
| The order of the inner and outer planets of the solar system | Mercury- Venus- Earth- Mars- Jupiter- Saturn- Uranus- Neptune |
| Light Year | The distance that light travels in one year |
| Proxima Centauri | The closest star to earth other than the sun |
| Milky Way | The Galaxy that the solar system is in (including earth) |
| Andromeda | The closest galaxy to earth ( besides the Milky Way) |
| Pangaea | The super continent that existed 150,000,000 years ago |
| Dates of Ice Ages | Harbor Hill Advance; 17,000 BP- Ronkonkoma Advance; 60,000 BP |
| BP | Before Present |
| Age of the earth | About 4.6 billion years old |
| How do you find protons, neutrons, and electrons using a periodic table? | Protons= same as the atomic number(in a balanced atom) Neutrons= The atomic mass minus the atomic number Electrons= same as the atomic number(in a balanced atom) |
| What is the mass and charge of the following particles: protons, electrons, neutrons? | Protons= mass:1, charge: positive Electrons= mass:approximately 0, charge: negative Neutrons= mass:1, charge: zero( neutral) |
| Atomic Nucleus | The nucleus of an atom- center of an atom- holds the most mass |
| Energy Levels | The shell of an atom- with electrons |
| Exothermic | A reaction or change that releases energy |
| Homogeneous Mixture | A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture- appears the same throughout- milk |
| Heterogeneous Mixture | A mixture in which substances are unevenly distributed throughout the mixture- does not appear the same throughout- oatmeal |
| Mixtures | Two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically bonded together |
| Compound | A pure substance made of two or more elements that ARE chemically bonded together |
| Physical Properties | A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without. hanging it into another substance chemically |
| Chemical Properties | A characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into a different substance |
| Potential Energy | Energy that is stored |
| Kinetic Energy | The energy of movement |
| Grams | The SI Measurement for mass |
| Meters | The SI unit that measures the distance between two points |
| Liters | The SI unit for volume |
| SI Units | The International Standard of Metric measurements |
| Density | The amount of mass compared to its volume |
| Volume | The amount of space a object occupies |
| Element | A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means- the building blocks of matter( there are 118 of these) |
| Substance | Anything that contains only one pure type or material |
| Molecule | A particle made of two or more atoms bonded together |
| Evaporation | The process that occurs when vaporization takes place only on the surface of a liquid |
| Condensation | The change of state from a gas to a liquid |
| Precipitation | Water that falls to earth as rain, snow, hail or sleet |
| Freezing | At 0 degrees Celsius, liquid water changes into solid ice |
| Polarity | The hydrogen sides or water are positive and the oxygen side is negative |
| Polar bonds in Water molecules | The positive charges of the hydrogen atoms of water molecules make the bond between hydrogen and oxygen a polar bond |
| Formula of Water | H2O = 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen |
| Ground water | Water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers |
| Aquifers | An underground layer of permeable rock or sediment that holds water |
| Moraine | A large hill formed by glaciers |
| Out wash Plains | Landforms that hold large areas of ground water- The large sandy formations found downhill from moraines |
| Runoff | Water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground |
| Infiltration | When water enters the earth through the soil |
| Percolation | The process of water flowing between soil particles |
| Streambed | The bottom of a stream or river |
| Friction | The force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another |
| Abrasion | The wearing away of rock due to grinding action |
| Turbulence | Water that flows in every direction |
| Slope | The angle of incline that the water flows down due to gravity |
| Meanders | The snake like bends (curves) formed in a river from banks being eroded |
| Erosion | The process of removing weathered rock and sediment |
| Deposition | The process that lays down sediment |
| Mass Movement | Landslides, Mudflows, and Creep, are all processes of mass movement |
| Gravity | A force that moves rocks and other materials downhill |
| Sediment | The material made of small pieces or rock and the remains of living things |
| Valley Glacier | A glacier found between mountains at high elevations |
| Continental Glacier | A glacier that covers much of a continent or large island |
| Creep | The very slow movement or sediment downhill |
| Hemisphere | One half of the sphere that makes up earth's surface |
| Prime Meridian | An imaginary line that divides the earth into eastern and western hemispheres |
| Equator | An imaginary line that divides the earth into northern and southern hemispheres |
| Degrees | Measures distance around the earth |
| Map | A flat model of all or part of earth's surface |
| Scale | Used to compare distance on a map or globe to distance on earth's surface |
| Symbols | On a map, pictures used by mapmaker so to stand for features on earth's surface |
| Landforms | A feature of topography formed by the processes that shape earth's surface |
| Topography | The shape of the land |
| Key | Describes symbols on a map |
| Elevation | Height above sea level |
| Contour Interval | The difference in elevation from one contour line to the next |
| Longitude lines | Imaginary lines that travel north and south describing position relative to the equator |
| Latitude lines | Imaginary lines that travel east and west describing position relative to the equator |
| Contour lines | Imaginary lines that show elevation |
| Index Contour | A contour line that is darker in color and is labeled with the elevation |
| Plateau | An elevated plain |
| Mountain | A large, rocky, highly elevated landform |
| Plain | A large, low, flat landform |
Created by:
Koutsantanou
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