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Science Final
What Topics do I need to know for the Final?
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Steps of the Scientific Method? | Ask a question, form a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, analyze the results, draw conclusions, communicate results |
| Mass? | The amount of matter an object is made of |
| Volume | The amount of space something takes up |
| Density | the amount of matter in a given space d=m/v |
| Physical properties | matter that can be observed or measured without changing its identity |
| Physical changes | a change that affects 1 or more physical properties of a substance |
| chemical changes | occurs when a substance changes into something with different properties |
| chemical properties | describes a substance based on its abilities to change properties |
| freezing | liquid to a solid |
| melting | solid to a liquid |
| condensing | gas to liquid |
| boiling | high temp. in a liquid |
| changes of state (of matter) | conversion of a substance from one physical form to another |
| sublimation | solid to gas |
| vaporization | liquid to gas (must be boiling) |
| evaporation | liquid to gas (not boiling) |
| Boyle's laws | states that when something's pressure goes up its volume goes down |
| Charle's laws | states that when something's temp goes up so does its volume |
| Elements | pure substance that can not be separated or broken down |
| atoms | atomic # (top #) |
| protons | # of atoms (+ charge) |
| neutrons | atomic weight atomic weight - # of protons |
| electrons | # of protons (- charged ) |
| mixtures | 2 or more elements that are not chemically combined |
| compound | 2 or more elements that are chemically combined |
| work | when a force causes an object to move in that direction w= f x d work= joules |
| power | the rate at which work is done p= w/t |
| solute | dissolved to form a solution |
| solvent | substance in which solute is dissolved |
| solutions | appears to be a single substance but is not |
| solubility | amount of solute needed to make a saturated substance |
| homogeneous mixture | a mixture that is in uniform |
| heterogeneous mixture | doesn't have a uniform and has different properties |
| suspensions | mixture of materials that are dispersed through out |
| colloids | particles that are not heavy enough to settle out |
| alloys | solid solutions of metals or nonmetals that are dissolved |
| simple machines | lever, inclined plane, wedge, screw, wheel and axle, pulley, compound machine |
| compound machine | 2 or more simple machines working together |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion ke= mv ^2 / 2 |
| potential energy | energy of position or shape p=w x h |
| newton's first law | object at rest stays at rest, object in motion stays in motion / unless a force is acted upon it. |
| newton's second law | states that the acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables- the net force acting upon the object and the mass of the object |
| newton's third law | states that for every action (force) in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction |
| renewable | replaced naturally in nature/ reusable |
| nonrenewable | will eventually run out |
| metals | good conductors, shiny, pound able |
| metalloids | some characteristics of metals- not all |
| non- metals | no characteristics of metals |
| ductility | ability to be drawn or pulled into a wire |
| malleability | ability to be pounded into thin sheets |
| conductivity | electricity can pass through them |
| speed | how fast something is done s=d/t |
| velocity | speed within a direction v= d/t |
| acceleration | the rate of which velocity changes a= final v - starting v / time it takes to change |
| friction | the rubbing together of two objects |