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HSO109 pt 5
HSO109
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define metabolism: | All the chemical reactions that occur in the body. |
| What is catabolism? | - It is the the breakdown of organic molecules - Releases energy |
| What is anabolism? | - Involves the synthesis of organic molecules - Requires energy |
| How does catabolism (exergonic reactions) work? | 1. Energy containing nutrients are broken down releasing ATP, NADH, NADPH and FADH (Chemical energy) 2. Products produced CO2, H2O and NH3 |
| How does anabolism work? | 1. Precursor molecules like amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, nitrogenous bases are combined 2. This requires energy 3. End products (macromolecules) are made |
| What type of energy do catabolic reactions produce? | - ATP or high energy compounds |
| Where do do catabolic reactions usually occur? | - In the mitochondria |
| What is also produced in a catabolic reaction? | - Heat energy |
| What is the function of anabolic reactions? | - Used for maintenance and repair - Growth - Secretions - Nutrient reserves |
| What is the function a nutrient pool? | - It is supply for mitochondria |
| Where does ATP come from (what's its source)? | 1. Food intake 2. Complex carbohydrates, proteins and triglycerides are broken down into 3. Amino acids, glucose, glycerol and fatty acids |
| What are enzymes? | - They are proteins - They act as catalysts (a+b -> c) - Depending on the energy, reactions are reversible - They are specific and have a characteristic shape - They are influenced by their immediate environment |
| What two theories exist on how enzymes work? | - Lock and key theory - Induced fit theory |
| Which part of the enzyme reacts with the substrate? | The active site |
| What is a substrate? | The substance on which an enzyme acts |
| What influences the shape of an enzyme? | Temperature and pH levels |
| What do low and high temperatures do to an enzyme? | - Low temperatures deactivate an enzyme, but do not denature it, if heated back up to optimal pressure they will work normally again - A high level of temperature past an enzymes tolerance level will denature it, destroying it |
| When an enzyme and a substrate are bound together, what is it called? | - enzyme-substrate complex |
| What is ATP made up of? | ADP and one Pi molecule |
| What is the chemical formula for glucose? | C6H12O6 |
| What is cellular respiration? | - Produces ATP and high energy compounds |
| What is the process that uses oxygen in order to create ATP called? | Aerobic respiration |
| What is the chemical equation of aerobic respiration? | C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H20 + 36-38ATP |
| What is the electron transport system? | - A series of enzymatic reactions - Involves transport of electrons |
| What does AP stand for? | - adenosine triphosphate |
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