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Ch. 1
The Study of Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adaption | Organism’s modification in structure, function, or behavior suitable to the environment. |
| Animal | Multicellular, heterotrophic organism belonging to the animal kingdom. |
| Archaea | One of the three domains of life containing prokaryotic cells that often live in extreme habitats and which have unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. |
| Bacteria | One of three domains of life; prokaryotic cells other than archaea with unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. |
| Behavior | Observable, coordinated responses to environmental stimuli. |
| Biodiversity | Total number of species, the variability of their genes, and the ecosystems in which they live. |
| Biology | Scientific study of life. |
| Biosphere | That portion of the surface of the Earth (air, water, and land) where living things exist. |
| Cell | Structural and functional unit of an organism; the smallest structure capable of performing all the functions necessary for life. |
| Class | One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; class is the taxon above the order level. |
| Community | Assemblage of populations interacting with one another within the same environment. |
| Conclusion | Statement made following an experiment as to whether the results support or falsify the hypothesis. |
| Control | Sample that goes through all the steps of an experiment but does not contain the variable being tested; a standard against which the results of an experiment are checked. |
| Data | Facts or pieces of information collected through observation and/or experimentation. |
| Deductive Reasoning | Process of logic and reasoning, using “if . . . then” statements. |
| Development | Series of stages by which a zygote becomes an organism or by which an organism changes during its life span; includes puberty and aging, for example. |
| Domain | Largest of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. |
| Ecosystem | Biological community together with the associated abiotic environment; characterized by energy flow and chemical cycling. |
| Energy | Capacity to do work and bring about change; occurs in a variety of forms. |
| Eukarya | One of the three domains of life, consisting of organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. |
| Eukaryote | Type of cell that has a membrane-bounded nucleus and membranous organelles; found in organisms within the domain Eukarya. |
| Evolution | Changes that occur in the members of a species with the passage of time, often resulting in increased adaptation of organisms to the environment. |
| Experimental Design | The manner in which a scientist intends to conduct an experiment. |
| Family | One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above the genus level. |
| Fungi | Saprotrophic decomposer; the body is made up of filaments called hyphae that form a mass called a mycelium; e.g., mushrooms and molds. |
| Gene | Unit of heredity existing as alleles on the chromosomes; in diploid organisms, typically two alleles are inherited—one from each parent. |
| Genus | One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; contains those species that are most closely related through evolution. |
| Homeostatis | Maintenance of normal internal conditions in a cell or an organism by means of self-regulating mechanisms. |
| Hypothesis | Supposition that is formulated after making an observation; it can be tested by obtaining more data, often by experimentation. |
| Inductive Reasoning | Using specific observations and the process of logic and reasoning to arrive at a hypothesis. |
| Kingdom | One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above phylum. |
| Law | Theory that is generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists. |
| Metabolism | All of the chemical changes that occur within a cell. |
| Model | A representation of an actual object. |
| Observation | Step in the scientific method by which data are collected before a conclusion is drawn. |
| Order | One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above the family level. |
| Organ | Combination of two or more different tissues performing a common function. |
| Organism | Individual living thing. |
| Organ System | Group of related organs working together. |
| Phenomenon | A natural event. |
| Phylum | One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above the class level. |
| Plant | Multicellular, usually photosynthetic, organism belonging to the plant kingdom. |
| Population | Group of organisms of the same species occupying a certain area and sharing a common gene pool. |
| Prediction | Belief that the hypothesis can be supported by doing microscopic studies. |
| Principle | Theory that is generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists. Also called law. |
| Parkaryote | Lacking a membrane-bounded nucleus and organelles; the cell type within the domain Bacteria and Archaea. |
| Protist | Member of the kingdom Protista. |
| Reproduce | To make more of. |
| Scientific Theory | Concept supported by a broad range of observations, experiments, and conclusions. |
| Species | Group of similarly constructed organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring; organisms that share a common gene pool. |
| Taxonomy | Branch of biology concerned with identifying, describing, and naming organisms. |
| Technology | The science or study of the practical or industrial arts. |
| Tissue | Group of similar cells that perform a common function. |
Created by:
Dugo
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