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Environmental Scienc
Semester 2 Final Review
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Pitch | Determined by the frequency of a sound wave |
A wave will travel only as long as it has what to carry? | Energy |
Electromagnetic Spectrum | Radio-waves, micro-waves, infrared-waves, visible light, UV waves, X-ray waves, and gamma waves |
Radio waves | Waves with the longest wavelength |
Type of wave with the highest energy | Gamma |
Type of electromagnetic radiation that is used to kill cancer cells | Gamma |
Law of Conservation of Matter | Matter cannot be created nor destroyed |
When you add the charges of a compound, what do they have to equal? | Zero |
7 Diatomic Elements | N, F, I Cl, Br, H |
Ohm's Law | Current = Voltage/resistance |
Series | Allows only one route for an electrical current |
Parallel | Two or more branches for electrons to follow |
Neutrons | Neutral, 1 amu |
Potons | Positive, 1 amu |
Electrons | Negative |
Kinetic Energy | Energy in the form of motion (Sound, thermal, light, electromagnetic, and mechanical) |
Potential Energy | Stored energy (Chemical) |
Law of Conservation of Energy | Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transferred |
Compressional Waves | Parallel |
Transverse | Perpendicular |
Amplitude | Height of wave from resting point, measures amount of energy a wave has |
Trough | Lowest point on a wave |
Crest | Highest point on a wave |
Wavelength | Distance between successive waves |
Absorption | Ability of two or more waves to combine and form a new wave |
Destructive Interference | Waves bounce off, change direction, or bend |
Reflection | Wave strikes object, bounces |
Refraction | Lighter sound waves change speeds |
Power Formula | P = VR |
Voltage Formula | V = IR |
Current Formula | V/R |
Resistance Formula | V/I |
Static electricity | Net accumulation of electrical charges on an object |
How does static electricity differ from electric current? | Excess charges |
Resistance | Tendency for a material to oppose flow of electrons |
Current | Flow of electrons through a wire or any conductor |
Insulator | Doesn't allow easy flow of electrons |
Conductor | Allows easy flow of electrons |
Label for Current | Amperes |
Label for Voltage | Volts |
Label for Resistance | Ohms |
Generator | Mechanical energy to electrical energy |
Transformer | Reverses direction |
Commutators | Reverses direction of current |
Alternating Current | Changes directions |
Direct Current | One direction |
Permanent Magnet | Magnet retaining properties |
Electric Motor | Changes electrical energy into mechanical energy |
Electrical Induction | Moving wire through magnetic field, produces current |
Subscript | Number of ions in each element |
Coefficients | Number of ions in a compound |
What makes an element chemically stable? | If it's outer energy level is completely filled with electrons |
What makes a compound chemically stable? | If the sum of the ions is zero |
Ionic Bond | Force of attraction between opposite charges, metal and nonmetal |
Covalent Bond | Force of attraction between atoms when they share electrons, two nonmetals |
Reactants | Substances to the left of the reaction arrow |
Products | Substances to the right of the reaction arrow |
Catalyst | Something that speeds up a reaction |
Inhibitor | Something that slows down a reaction |
Solutions come in what three forms? | Solid, liquids, and gasses |
Polar | Molecule that is positively charged at one end and negatively charged at the other end |
Substance that contains extra H+ | Hydrogen ion |
Substance that produces extra OH- | Hydroxide ion |
Solubility | Maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a great amount of solvent at a given temperature |
Concentration of a solution | Describes how much solute is present in a solution compared to the amount of solvent |
Types of reactions | Single replacement, double replacement, synthesis, combustion, and decomposition |