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science final
semester 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the study of the moon, stars and other objects in space | astronomy |
| side of the moon that always faces earth | near side |
| side of the moon that always faces away from earth | far side |
| different shapes of the moon that you see from earth | phases |
| when the amount of light on the moon is increasing each night | waxing |
| when the amount of light on the moon is decreasing each night | waning |
| how long does it take the moon to have one full revolution and rotation | about a month |
| percent of moon that is always lit up | 50% |
| moon phase during which the moon is not visible from earth | new moon |
| where the moon gets its light from | sun |
| number of phases the moon goes through in one revolution | 29-30 |
| why can't we see the far side of the moon | the revolution and rotation take the same amount of time |
| substance that is formed when two or more materials or substances are mixed together but do not chemically combine | mixture |
| any pure substance that has two or more different elements that are chemically combined | compound |
| a property that can be observed or measured without changing the substance into another substance | physical property |
| a property that can only be observed by changing it into another substance | chemical property |
| type of change that alters shape, size, location, or physical state of a substance, but not the chemical composition | physical change |
| type of change that alters the chemical makeup of a substance | chemical change |
| copper, h2, and He are examples of…. | elements |
| blood and air are examples of... | mixtures |
| water, salt, co2, and HCI are examples of... | compounds |
| reacting with acids, the ability to rust, flammability, and ability to decompose are examples of a... | chemical property |
| conducting heat or electricity, dissolving in water, shape, and state/phase are examples of a... | physical property |
| burning a log and rusting are examples of a... | chemical change |
| separating oil from water, melting an ice cube, and dissolving salt in water are examples of a... | physical change |
| 4 types of evidence of a chemical change | 1. formation of a new gas 2. formation of a new solid 3. change in energy 4. color change |
| what is the law of conversation of matter | matter can be changed from one form to another, but cannot be destroyed or created |
| type of chemical reaction that gives off heat | exothermic |
| type of chemical reaction that absorbs heat | endothermic |
| tool used to measure mass | balance |
| tool used to measure volume of a liquid | graduated cylinder |
| tool used to measure a volume of a solid | metric ruler |
| characteristics of bases | bases have a bitter taste and turn red litmus paper to blue. 8-14 on pH scale |
| characteristics of acids | acids have a sour taste and turn blue litmus paper to red. 0-6 on pH scale |
| what happens to the properties of two substances when they are chemically combined | they are changed/get new properties |
| 5 characteristics of a mineral | 1. have a definite chemical composition 2. must be solid 3. found naturally in or on earths surface 4. must be inorganic 5. have a crystal pattern |
| minerals resistance to scratching | hardness |
| powdered form of a mineral | streak |
| how the mineral reflects light | luster |
| how the mineral breaks along flat surfaces | cleavage |
| worst characteristic to use when identifying a mineral | color |
| why is coal not a mineral | it is made of organic things |
| main evidence that scientist use to determine what makes up earth | seismic waves |
| what are the 4 main layers of earth | 1. crust 2. mantle 3. outer core 4. inner core |
| what is earths crust made of | oxygen and silicon |
| what is the mantle made of | oxygen, silicon, and magnesium |
| what is the core of earth made of | iron and nickel |
| true or false. the closer a location is to the focus of an earthquake, the stronger the seismic waves | true |
| travels trough solids and liquids, travels the fastest | p waves |
| causes the most damage because of rolling motion | surface waves |
| travels only through solids, travels slower | s waves |
| driving force for movment of earths plates in the mantle | convection currents |
| process in which oceanic crust is destroyed as it moves beneath continental crust is | subduction |
| process in which new oceanic crust is created at the mid-ocean ridge | sea-floor spreading |
| where do most earthquakes and volcanoes form | on tectonic plate boundaries |
| type of boundary where plates come together | convergent |
| type of boundary where plates slide past each other | transform |
| type of boundary where plates spread away from each other | divergent |
| boundary that produces either a mid-ocean ridge or a rift valley | divergent |
| boundary that produces folded mountains | convergent |
| what type of boundary is the San Andres fault | transform |
| type of boundary that destroys crust during subduction | convergent |
| type of boundary that produces earthquakes | all boundaries |
| rocks formed by volcanic action | igneous |
| rocks formed by heat and pressure changing other rock deep underground | metamorphic |
| rocks formed from compaction and cementation of sediments | sedimentary |
| what type of crystals do igneous rocks that cooled slowly have | big crystals |
| what type of rock most likely contains a fossil | sedimentary rock |
| what kind of crystals will igneous rocks that cooled instantly have | none or few |
| process in which rock is broken down by mechanical and chemical agents | weathering |
| process in which water or wind moves sediments to another location | erosion |
| process in which sediments settle out of water and wind | deposition |
| process in which sediments are pressed together | compaction |
| process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue sediments together | cementation |
| how does a sedimentary rock turn into an igneous rock | through melting and cooling |
| how does an igneous rock turn into a sedimentary rock | through weathering and compaction/cementation |
| caves, canyons, valleys, and trenches are land features caused by... | destructive forces |
| mountains, mid-ocean ridges, deltas, and till are land features caused by... | constructive forces |
| how was the Minnesota river valley formed | by a glacial lake |
| what geological process form an oxbow lake | erosion and deposition |
| true or false. small sediment travels farther distances | true |
| 5 factors that cause runoff to increase | 1. amount of vegetation 2. type of soil 3. amount of rainfall 4. shape of land 5. land use |
| how are runoff and erosion related | runoff causes erosion |
| what climate is best for weathering | hot/wet |
| most common type of weathering in new ulm | freezing and thawing |
| true or false. freezing and thawing is mechanical weathering | true |
| what agent of weathering and erosion causes the most damage? | running water |
Created by:
taylorforstner