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LD ES - Ch 6

LD Earth Science - Chapter 6 - Interpreting Earth's History

TermDefinition
Absolute Age Age of a rock unit, a fossil, or an event expressed in units of time, such as years
Absolute Time Scale Geologic time that uses numerical time units ( years )
Carbon 14 Radioactive form of the element carbon that has been used to determine the absolute age of recent fossils & geologic events
Correlation Matching rock layers in different locations by age or by rock types
Decay Product Element produced by the decay of a radioactive isotope
Decay Product Ratio Ratio between the mass of a radioactive element & its decay product
Era Large division of geologic time such as the Mesozoic Era
Evolution Principle that through Earth's history, living things have changed in form from a few simple organisms to a great diversity of organisms
Extrusion Rocks formed from lava that solidifies quickly at Earth's surface
Fold Layers of rock that have been bent by forces within Earth
Geologic Time Scale Divisions of Earth's history originally based on observations of fossil evidence; now, through the use of radioactive isotope measurements , it has changed form a relative scale to an absolute scale
Half-life Time for half the atoms in a radioactive sample to change to the decay product
Index Fossil Fossil found over a large geographic area but which existed for a brief period of geologic time
Intrusion Molten, liquid rock (magma) pushed into cracks within Earth's crust; a body of coarse-grained igneous rock formed by slow cooling within Earth
Isotope Form of a element with more or fewer neutrons then other forms of the same element
Law of Superposition Principle that the lowest layer in a sequence of rock strata must have been deposited before the layers above, unless the rock strata have been turned upside down
Mass extinction Extinction of a large number of species
Original horizontally Principle that all sedimentary layers were originally flat
Orogeny Process of mountain building caused by forces within Earth
Period Subdivision of an era
Radioactive Emission of energy rays or nuclear particles due to the breakdown of an unstable isotope
Relative Age Comparative age; age expressed as before or after other events without specifying the age in units
Relative Time Scale Time scale that indicates whether the object in question is older or younger then something else
Superposition Principle that the lowest layer in a sequence of rock strata must have been deposited before the layers above, UNLESS the rock strata have been turned UPSIDE DOWN
Tilted Sedimentary layers Beds of rock (usually sedimentary) thought to have been deposited horizontally that have been pushed into a different inclination (angle), usually by motions of Earth's crust
Unconformity Gap in geologic record caused by the erosion of sediments or rock followed by new deposition
Uniformitarianism Principal that most geologic events of the past are similar to processes that occur in the present
Created by: desilva13
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