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LD ES - Ch 4

LD Earth Science - Chapter 4 - Weathering, Erosion & Deposition

TermDefinition
Abrasion Form of physical weathering caused by friction between rock particles
Agent of Erosion Medium , such as water, wind, or glacial ice, that transports weathered sediments
Bedrock Solid layer of rock that extends into Earth, bedrock is found beneath the soil
Chemical Weathering Change in the chemical composition of a rock caused by adjustment to conditions at Earth's surface.
Deposition Settling or release of sediments by an agent of erosion
Discharge Quantity of water flowing past a certain point in a stream per unit of time
Erosion Transportation of weathered material (sediments) by water, wind, or ice away from their place of origin
Flotation Transportation of sediments along the surface of a stream
Frost Action Form of physical weathering in climates with seasonal temperature changes alternately above and below 0°C
Frost Wedging (frost action) Form of physical weathering in climates with seasonal temperature changes alternately above and below 0°C
Glacial Erratic Large rock that has been transported by a glacier
Glacier Large mass of flowing ice
Graded Bedding Layers of sediment that change from coarse particles at the bottom of each layer to progressively finer particles toward the top
Horizontal Sorting Gradual change in size, density, & shape of particles deposited when stream slows on reaching calm water. The largest, most dense, & roundest particles settle first while the smaller least dense & flatter particles are carried farther out into calm water.
Humus Organic remains that are part of soil
Ice Age Long period of Earth's history when ice sheets covered large areas of the continents
Leaching Process by which groundwater carried dissolved minerals deeper into the soil as the water infiltrates the ground
Mass Movement Downhill movement of rock or sediment without being carried by water, wind, or ice
Meander Natural looping bend, or S-shape curve, in a stream
Mass Wasting (mass movement) Downhill movement of rock or sediment without being carried by water, wind, or ice
Outcrop Bedrock exposed at the surface because it is not covered by soil
Physical Weathering Mechanical breakdown of rocks without a change in chemical composition
Precipitate Salt crystals that form and settle out of solution
Precipitation Water, in the form of rain, snow, or sleet, falling from the sky; sedimentary process that involves substances settling out of saturated solution
Residual Soil Soil that remains on top of the bedrock from which it formed
Sediment Accumulation of particles of weathered rock, organic remains, or both; rock fragments
Soil Weathered rock mixed with organic remains at the top of the lithosphere
Soil Horizon Layer within soil showing a particular stage of soil development
Solution Mixture in which the particles are so small they cannot be filtered out of the water
Sorted Separated by particle size or other characteristics
Stream Discharge Quantity of water flowing past a certain point in a stream per unit of tim
Stream Velocity Speed at which a stream flows
Striation Parallel scratches on the surface of a rock caused by the movement of a glacier
Suspension Fluid containing large particles that can be filtered but the particles are too small to settle on their own
Till Unsorted sediments deposited directly by glacial ice
Transported Soil Soil eroded and deposited from its parent bedrock
Unsorted Deposit Sediment left by melting glacial ice usually containing a mixture of clay, sand, cobbles, and boulders
Vertical Sorting Sorting of particles from top to bottom in a layer (The roundest, largest, and densest particles are on the bottom and the flattest, smallest, and less dense particles are at the top of each layer)
Weathering Breakdown of rock due to physical or chemical change
Created by: desilva13
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