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eggbio-unit 1
EggBio-Evolution and Classification
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Evolution | change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms |
| Adaptation | inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival |
| Homolgous Structures | structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues |
| Gene Pool | combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population |
| Population | group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area |
| Natural Selection | process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest |
| Vestigial Organ | organ that serves no useful function in an organism |
| Speciation | formation of new species |
| Fitness | ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment |
| Cladogram | diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms |
| Taxa | group or level of organization into which organisms are classified |
| Lamarck's theory of evolution | Use and diuse of organs cause organisms to change, organs change because they need to. |
| How did Lamarck's theory contribute to the overall theory of evolution? | He tried to make sense out of how we came about which made other people want to figure it out also. |
| Lyell's theory of evolution | The earth changed so the organisms must have also changed. |
| Darwin's theory of evolution | Natural Selection, Natural Variation, Adaptation |
| Natural Variation | difference among species and individual organisms differ |
| Why were the fossils Darwin collected important? | They showed they were similar to living organisms. |
| What did Darwin discover about the Tortoises on the Galapagos Islands? | Each Tortoise was differnt for their environment and climate. |
| Struggle for existence | All organisms produce more offspring then can survive so they must compete for resources in order to survive. |
| Common descent | All species ( live ing and extinct) come from one common organism. |
| Narural Selection takes place because of | genetic variation |
| 2 sources of genetic variation | Mutation and Gene Shuffling |
| Mutation | Change in DNA sequence |
| Gene Shuffling | Change in allele frequency |
| Hardy-Weinberg Principal | Allele frequency stays the same; NO EVOLUTION |
| 5 Factors that maintain genetic equilibrium | Random Mating, Very Large Population, No Migration In or Out of the Population, No Mutations, No Natural Selection |
| Behavioral Isolation | Species that could breed but don't because of different mating rituals. |
| Geographical Isolation | Geography seperates two species that used to mate. |
| Temporal Isolation | Species reproduce at different times. |
| Binomial Nomeclature(Scientific Name) | two word naming system |
| First Word | Genus- broader category may include many species,always capitolized, when written underlined, when typed italsize |
| Second Word | Species- more specific category, always lower-cased,when written underlined, when typed italsize |
| Ex. of Binomial Nomeclature | Homo sapien(italicized) |
| 7 categories of classifiction | Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
| 6 kingdoms | Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantea, Animal |
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EggBio
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