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Biomed Exam Terms
Exam Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Amino acid | An organic group possesing both carboxl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins. |
| Alpha Globin | The poly peptide chain of hemoglobin that is designated aplha. |
| Beta Globin | The poly peptide chain of hemoglobin that is designated beta and that when deficient or defective causes various anemias. |
| Complication | a secondary disease or condition that develops in the course of a primary disease or condition and arises either as a result of it or from independent causes. |
| hemoglobin | an iron containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen. |
| prognosis | the prospect of survival and recovery from a disease as anticipated from the usual course of that disease or indicated by special features of the case. |
| Protein | a three dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids. |
| sickle cell | deformed red blood cell |
| symptom | subjective evidence of disease or physical disturbance observed by the patient |
| trait | an inherrited characteristic |
| autosome | a chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex, as opposed to a sex chromosome |
| chromosome | any of the usually linear bodies in the cell nucleus that contain the genetic material. |
| contagious | capable of being transmitted from person to person by contact |
| dominant trait | a genetic trait is considered dominant if it is expressed in a person who has only one copy of the gene associated with the trait. |
| gene | a discrete unit of heriditary information |
| genetic material | molecules responsible for heredity and variation of organisms |
| heredity | the transmission of traits from ancestors to descendant |
| karyotype | a display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by a size and shape |
| mutation | a rare change in the genetic material, ultimately creating genetic diversity |
| pedigree | a diagram of a family tree showing the occurence of heritable characters in parents and offspring over multiple generations |
| sex chromosome | one of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual |
| recessive trait | a condition that appears only in individuals who have recieved two copies of a mutant gene, one copy from each parent |
| atom | the smallest particle of an element that can exist either alone or in combination |
| calorie | the amount of heat energy required to raise temperature, usually used to indicate the energy content of food |
| chemical bond | an attractive force that holds together the atoms, ions, or groups of atoms in a molecule or compound |
| chemical reaction | chemical transformation or change; the interaction of chemical entities |
| compound | a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio |
| covalent bond | a type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons |
| element | the smallest particle of a substance that retains all the properties of the substance and is composed of one or more atoms |
| homeostasis | the steady state physiological condition of the body |
| hydrophilic | having an affinity for water |
| ionic bond | a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent |
| nutrient | a substance that is needed by the body to maintain life and health |
| polarity | a lack of electrical symmetry in a molecule. charge differences on opposite ends of a structure |
| solute | a substance that is dissolved in a solution |
| solution | a liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances |
| solvent | the dissolving agent in a solution. Water is the most versitile known... |
| Biopsy | the removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the living body. |
| Erythrocyte | a red blood cell |
| hisotology | the study of tissue |
| leukocyte | a white blood cell |
| plasma | the fluid part especially of blood or lymph |
| platelet | a component of mamalian blood that lacks a nucleus and is derived from fragments of megakaryocyte cytoplasm, and that assists in blood clotting, aslo called thrombocyte |
| tissue | an integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both |
| pump | a device that raises, transfers, delivers, or compresses fluids or gases especially by suction or pressure or both |
| fluid mechanics | a branch of mechanics dealing with the properties of liquids and gases |
| positive displacement pump | a type of pump that uses positive pressure to move a fluid |
| bioengineering | biological or medical application of engineering principles or engineering equipment |
| machine | a mechanically, electrically, or elctronically operated device performing a task |
| material science | the scientific study of the properties and applications of materials of construction and manufacture |
| autopsy | an examination of the body after death |
| cell | the smallest structural unit of living matter capable of functioning independently |
| coroner | the presiding officer of a special court, a medical officer, or an officer of law responsible for investigating deaths, particularly those happening under unusual circumstances |
| documentation | the act of creating citations |
| forensic science | the application of scientific knowledge to questions of civil and criminal law |
| outline | a condensation of a subject or argument into its main points |
| system | a collection of components organized to accomplish a specific function or set of functions |
| tissue | an integrated group of cells with common function, structure, or both |
| aorta | the aterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch ateries through the body |
| aortic valve | the semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle |
| artery | any of the tubular braching muscular and elastic walled vessels that carry blood form the heart through the body |
| atrium | an anotomical cavity; chamber of the heart that recieves blood from the veins and force it into a ventricle |
| bicuspid valve | a valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrim and the left ventricle |
| histology | a branch of anatomy that deals with the minute structure of animal and plant tissues |
| mitral valve | a valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
| pericardium | the membrane that encloses the heart |
| superior vena cava | a vein that is the second largest vein in the human body and returns to the right attrium of the heart from the upper half of the body |
| tricuspid valve | a valve that is situated at the opening of the right atrium of the heart into the right ventricle and that resembles the mitral valve |
| valve | a body structure that temporarily closes a passage or orifice, or permits movement of fluid in only one direction |
| diastole | the stage of the heart cycle which the heart muscle is relaxed, allowing the chambers to fill with blood |
| diastolic pressure | BP that remains between heart contractions |
| EKG | a measurement of heart electrical activity |
| sinoatrial node | a small mass of tissue that is made up of purkinje fibers, that mass that sends electrical currents to stimulate heart beat |
| systole | the stage of the heart cycle in which the heart muscle cfontracts and the chambers pump blood |
| systolic pressure | BP in the ateries during contraction of the ventricles |
| concentration gradient | an increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. |
| feedback | information attained from the results of a process that is used in guiding the way that process is done. |
| hormone | a product of living cells that circulates in blood and produces a specific often stimulatory effect on the activity of cells that are often far from the source of the hormone. |
| insulin | a protein hormone secreated by the pancreas that is essential for the metabolism of carbs and the regulation of glucose levels in the blood. |
| isotonic | having the same solute concetration as another solution. |
| neg feedback | the primary mechanism of homeostasis whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation. |
| osmosis | the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane form an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| positive feedback | feedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its output. |
Created by:
darius becker
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