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Ch. 6 Modern Genetic
modern genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mulitiple alleles | three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait |
| Sex chromosomes | they carry genes that determone whether a person is male or female. They also carry genes that deteremine other traits. |
| Male sex chromosome | Y |
| Female sex chromosome | X |
| Male | XY |
| Female | XX |
| Sex-linked genes | genes found on the X and Y chromosomes |
| Carrier | a person who has one recessive allele for a trait and on dominant allele. they do not have the trait |
| Genetic disorder | an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes |
| Pedigree | a chart of "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait |
| Karyotype | a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell |
| Selective breeding | the process of selecting organisms with desired traits to be parnets of the next generation |
| Inbreeding | involves crossing two individuals that have identical or similar sets of alleles |
| Hybridization | a selective bredding method in which two genetically different individuals are crossed |
| Clone | an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced |
| Genetic engineering | the transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism in order to produce an organism with desired traits |
| Gene therapy | the insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the disodrer |
| Genome | is all the DNA in one cell of an organim |
| What are three methods for developing organisms with desirable traits? | selective breeding, cloning, and genetic engineering |