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Anatomy/Physiology
Unit 9 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| CNS (Central Nervous System) | Spinal cord and brain - consists of tracts are bundles of axons forming a pathway. |
| PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) | Everything else - Consists of nerves that are bundles of axons of sensory or motor neurons existing outside of the CNS. |
| SNS (Somatic Nervous System) | Voluntary muscle control of skeletal muscles. This system controls the motor neurons and is under voluntary control. |
| Sensory/Afferent | Neurons that send information from the sensory organs, through the nerves, into the CNS. |
| Motor/Efferent | Neurons that carry messages from CNS, through nerves, to operate muscles and glands. |
| Interneurons | Exist only within the CNS. They carry messages from 1 set of neurons to the other. They can bring information from different sources together into one location in the CNS. |
| Sympathetic | The arousal for defensive action. Prepares body for fight or flight. |
| Parasympathetic | When the stressor is over, this takes over. Calming, conserves energy and decreases heart rate. |
| Neuroglia | The connective tissue of the nervous system, consisting of several different types of cell associated with neurons. Found in the brain and important to the immune system. |
| Neuron | A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell. |
| Axon | A single tube-like fiber that is thicker and longer than dendrites. It is used by the neuron to transmit an electrical impulse to other neurons. |
| Dendrites | Receives incoming signals from other neurons. |
| Myelin Sheath | A fatty white substance which grows around the axon. It speeds the neural impulse by insulating the axon. |
| Synapse | The area between the axon terminal and the dendrites. Neurons do not actually touch each other. |
| Endorphins | A group of hormones secreted within the brain and nervous system and having a number of physiological functions. |
| Multiple Sclerosis | A disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves. |
| Neurotransmitters | A chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure. |
| Grey Matter | The Cerebral Cortex. It is the newest portion of the brain. It is divided into 4 regions: Occipital, Temporal, Parietal, Frontal. |
Created by:
BrittD2015
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