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Cells
Cells, Structure and Function, Cell Theory
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Robert Hooke | one of the first people to observe cells; coined the term “cell” based upon the rooms or cells in the monastery in which he lived (1663) |
| Anton von Leeuwenhoek | “Father of Microscopy;” the first to see many microorganisms, including bacteria (which he called animacules), protists, and yeast (1673) |
| Matthias Schleiden | worked with plant tissues and determined that all plants are made of cells (1838) |
| Theodor Schwann | worked with animal tissues and determined that all animals are made of cells (1839) |
| Rudolf Virchow | worked with animal tissues and determined that all animals are made of cells 1858) which became part of the cell theory |
| Cell Theory | 1) all living things are made (composed) of cells, 2) cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things, 3) cells come from previously existing, living cells |
| cell membrane | acts as the “gatekeeper” of the cell; regulates what goes into/out of the cell |
| cell wall | acts as the “gatekeeper” of the cell; regulates what goes into/out of the cell |
| chloroplast | location of photosynthesis; found in plant cells |
| cytoplasm | jelly-like interior of cells; contains most of the organelles |
| Golgi body (apparatus) | Sorts and packages proteins for cells into membrane-bound structure called vesicles |
| lysosome | breaks down large molecules and old organelles |
| mitochondrion | location of cellular respiration; provides most of the energy for cells |
| nuclear membrane | surrounds the nucleus; regulates what goes into/comes out of the nucleus |
| nucleus | control center of the cell; directs the cells in what they should do. Houses DNA |
| ribosome | produces proteins for the cell and proteins to be transported outside the cell |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | passageway for materials like proteins to be transported; outside of this ER is covered in ribosomes |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | passageway for materials like proteins to be transported; lacks ribosomes on the outside |
| vacuole | storage area for cells of waste, water and food. plant cells have one large vacuole; animal cells have several small |
| Levels of cellular organization | Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ System -> Organism |
| permeable | a material can pass freely in and out |
| impermeable | a material is neither allowed to pass in nor out |
| selectively permeable | a material may or may not be able to pass freely in and out |
| Homeostasis | Balance between the cell and its environment |
| Passive transport | Moving materials across the cell membrane without the use of energy (high to low concentration) |
| Active transport | Moving materials across the cell membrane using energy (low to high concentration) |
| Diffusion | Random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Equilibrium | Molecules are evenly spaced out in a solution |
| Facilitated diffusion | Diffusion of specific particles through transport proteins found in the cell membrane |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Hypertonic | greater concentration of solutes |
| Hypotonic | Lower concentration of solutes |
| Isotonic | Equal concentration of solutes |
| Endocytosis | Taking bulky material into the cell by folding the cell membrane around a particle. |
| Exocytosis | Forcing material out of a cell by fusing the material with the cell membrane to allow it to exit. |
Created by:
barbzabel7
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