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SOL Science Review
A look at the fourth and fifth grade science units
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| If you are given a picture and asked to make an OBSERVATION, you must choose the answer that includes only | things that you can actually see with your own eyes |
| The mass of an object is | the amount of matter in an object - - how heavy it is. |
| Given a 2-liter bottle of Coke, 2 liters is a measure of | the volume of Coke - or how much space it takes up. |
| The capacity of a container is how much it can hold. The capacity our large Coke bottle, even if it is empty, is | 2 liters |
| The capacity of an eyedropper would be a few | milliliters |
| A milliliter of liquid is | a few drops |
| The volume of liquid in a graduated cylinder might be 50 | ml or 50 milliliters |
| The volume of liquid in a beaker might be 300 | ml or 300 milliliters |
| One thousand milliliters equals | 1 liter |
| A liter is close in volume to a | quart |
| 11.An instrument used to measure mass is a | balance |
| The mass of a paperclip or a sheet of paper is about | 1 gram or 1g |
| The mass of a book could be about | 1 kilogram or 1kg |
| 1000 grams equal | 1 kilogram |
| Length and distance are measured in these metric units | meters |
| Volume of a liquid or capacity of a container is measured in these metric units | Liters |
| Mass is measured in these metric units | grams |
| A centimeter is about as long as your | fingernail |
| The length of each of these dashes - - - is about | 1 or 2 millimeters (mm) |
| If your fingernail is one centimeter long, how long is it in millimeters? | 10 (10mm = 1cm) |
| The distance from your waist to the floor could be about | 1 meter or 1m |
| One-hundred centimeters equals | 1 meter |
| The distance from Terraset to the nearest 7-Eleven is about | 1 kilometer or 1km |
| One thousand meters equals | 1 kilometer or 1km |
| In an experiment to measure the how different types of soil affect tulip growth, you fill five identical pots with different types of soil and place a tulip bulb in each. The variable in the experiment is the | soil |
| The pots, tulip bulbs, water and amount of sunlight are should be the same for all of the pots. These are the | constants |
| Objects in motion have ______ energy. | kinetic |
| Potential energy is ________ energy. | stored |
| Due to the pull of gravity, the higher an object is off the ground, the more ____________ it has. | potential energy |
| When I hold a ball in the air, it has potential energy. When I let go, the ball starts to fall. Potential energy changes to | kinetic energy |
| There are many forms of energy. Energy caused by the movement of electrons is | electrical energy |
| Energy stored in food, batteries and fossil fuels like coal and gasoline is | chemical energy |
| Energy in moving or spinning objects like gears, car wheels, or joggers, is _______ energy | mechanical |
| 33. Machines make work easier and help us work more | efficiently |
| The six simple machines are | inclined plane, pulley, lever, screw, wedge, and wheel & axle. |
| A combination of two more simple machines is a | compound machine |
| Machines made of many compound machines are | complex machines |
| An object that is sharp, like a knife, ax, or nail, is a | wedge |
| Doorknobs, screwdrivers, and wheels of all sorts are | wheel and axles |
| A seesaw, crowbar, shovel, and nutcracker are | levers |
| A ramp, staircase, and ladder are | inclined planes |
| A jar lid and corkscrew are | screws |
| What simple machine is used to hoist a flag or raise window blinds? | pulley |
| A wheelbarrow, scissors, and a bicycle are | compound machines |
| Simple machines with fulcrums (pivot points) are usually | levers |
| These simple machines have ropes or chains. | pulleys |
| A pair of scissors has | a lever and wedges |
| Two objects rubbing together create | friction |
| Friction resists or stops motion, and creates | heat |
| Unless acted on by a force, objects in motion tend to stay in motion and objects at rest remain at rest. This is the principal of | inertia |
| It's harder to push a real truck than a toy truck because objects with more mass have | more inertia |
| Which will light a bulb, an open or closed circuit? | A closed circuit |
| If your string of holiday lights goes dark when one little bulb burns out, the string of lights is a | series circuit |
| This circuit has more than one pathway for the flow of electrical current. If one bulb burns the others will remain lit. It is a | Parallel circuit |
| Electrical energy moves easily through materials that are | conductors. |
| Wires are usual made from ____ because it conducts electricity well. | metal (often copper) |
| Material like rubber, plastic and wood do not conduct electricity well. They are | insulators |
| This is a dry-cell battery. Common dry-cells usually have low | voltage (1.5v or 9v) |
| Magnets attract these metals | iron (steel) cobalt, nickel |
| 60.The iron filings in this picture show ________created by a magnetic field. | lines of force |
| Magnetism and _______ are very closely related. | electricity |
| An electric current creates a magnetic field, and a magnetic field creates an _________ . | electric current |
| If you rub your feet on the carpet, or rub a balloon on a wool sweater, you may create | static electricity |
| Static electricity occurs when negatively charged _____ are rubbed off of one surface and on to another. | electrons |
| Benjamin Franklin learned that lightning was a form of electricity. What kind of electricity? | static electricity |
| Who invented the light bulb? | Thomas Edison |
| Which plant part takes in water and nutrients? | the root |
| Which part supports the plant and allows the movement of water and nutrients? | the stem |
| Which plant part makes food for the plant? | the leaves |
| The seed forms in the female reproductive part of the flower called the | pistil |
| Pollen forms on the ends of the male reproductive parts of the flower called the | stamen |
| The small leaves that form around the developing flower are the | sepals |
| Pollen is transferred from the stamen to the pistil in a process called | pollination |
| Most plants reproduce with seeds, but ferns and mosses reproduce with | spores |
| Green plants produce their own food in a process called | photosynthesis |
| To produce food, green plants use | water, nutrients, sunlight, carbon dioxide (from the air) and chlorophyll. |
| Plants are green because of | chlorophyll |
| Many plants enter a period of ______ in the winter, which is similar to hibernation for animals. During this period most of their normal activities stop. | dormancy |
| An organism's _____ provides food, water, shelter and space. | habitat |
| All energy comes from _____ , and then cycles through the food webs to all of the animals in the community. | the sun |
| _______ get energy directly from the sun and use it to make food. | Plants |
| Because plants produce their own food, they are called ___________ . | producers |
| Other organism do not get their energy from the sun. They get their energy by | eating plants, or eating animals that have eaten plants. |
| Organisms that get their energy from eating plants or other animals are called | consumers |
| The sun's energy cycles through the ecosystem in this order | sun->producers->consumers>decomposers |
| All of the interrelated food chains in an ecosystem make up a | food web |
| Food chains and food webs always start with a | plant |
| The food chain starts with a producer (a plant) and ends with a | decomposer |
| Decomposers like ______ break down organisms and recycle them back to the nutrient pool. | fungi |
| All of the living and nonliving things in an environment make up | an ecosystem |
| Everything in an ecosystem depends on everything else. Humans often destroy ecosystems by | polluting ponds, chopping down forests, etc. |
| The specific place an organism has in the food web is the organism's | niche |
| The niche of every organism is different, and an organism's niche changes as it grows. A niche is the organism's role in the community, and includes | what it does, what it eats, and what eats it. |
| All organisms have _________ that allow it to survive in its environment. | adaptations |
| Structural adaptations are __________ that help an organism survive, like long beaks, webbed feet, camouflage. | body parts |
| Behavioral adaptations are things that organisms do to survive. Examples of behavioral adaptations are | migration, hibernation, instincts, etc |
| The measure of the amount of heat energy in the atmosphere is | temperature |
| The amount of moisture in the air is | humidity |
| The weight of the air causes | air pressure |
| Air circulates around the Earth in big chunks called | air masses |
| The boundary between two air masses is called a | front |
| A warm front occurs when a warm air mass pushes out a cold mass. A warm front usually brings | steady rain or drizzle followed by warmer temperatures. |
| A cold front occurs when a cold air mass pushes out a warm air mass. A cold front usually brings | a short period of heavy rain or thunder, followed by clear colder weather. |
| A falling barometer often means | rainy weather ahead. |
| What kind of cloud brings stormy weather, thunderstorms, and sometimes even tornadoes? | Cumulonimbus |
| Puffy white clouds that look like cotton balls are | cumulus clouds |
| High, thin, wispy clouds are | cirrus clouds |
| Which cloud forms a gray blanket over the sky, often bringing steady rain or drizzle? | stratus cloud |
| This instrument measures air pressure is a | barometer |
| This instrument measures wind speed | anemometer |
| This instrument measures moisture in the air | hygrometer |
| This instrument measures precipitation | rain gauge |
| These severe storms usually form over water in the Caribbean | hurricanes |
| Earth is one of ____ planets that revolve around the sun. | nine (eight now, officially) |
| Earth is the ______ planet from the sun. | third |
| Venus, Mercury, Earth and Mars are the | rocky inner planets |
| How far is the Earth from the sun? | 150 million km |
| What does the Earth have that allows it to support life? | water and an oxygen rich atmosphere |
| How does the Earth's atmosphere protect the Earth? | It blocks out most of the sun's damaging rays. |
| Ancient Greeks like Aristotle and Ptolemy believed _________ was the center of our solar system, and the planets and the sun revolved around us. | the Earth |
| Copernicus and Galileo tried to convince the world that ________ was actually the center of the solar system, and all of the planets revolve around it, and not around the Earth. | the sun |
| The NASA Apollo missions sent astronauts to the ______ . | the moon |
| About half of Virginia is considered to be in the Chesapeake Bay ________ because the surface water and all of the materials it carries drain into the Chesapeake Bay. | watershed |
| Land drained by rivers west of Roanoke is part of the Mississippi _________. | watershed |
| Much of Virginia is covered in ______, an important natural resource for Virginia. | forests |
| An important energy resource mined in the southwestern part of Virginia is ________ . | coal |
Created by:
erichholzshu
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