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Volcanoes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| volcano | a weak spot in the crust where molten material, or magma, comes to the surface |
| ring of fire | one of the major volcanic belts formed by the many volcanoes that rim the pacific ocean |
| island arc | a string of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep ocean trench |
| hot spot | an area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it |
| caldera | the large hole at the top of a volcano formed when the roof of a volcanoe's magma chamber collapses |
| lava | what magma becomes when it reaches the surface of a volcano |
| magma | a molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle. |
| batholith | a mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cooled inside the crust |
| pyroclastic flow | the expulsion of ash,cinders,bombs and gases during an explosive volcanic eruption |
| geyser | a fountain of water and steam that builds up pressure underground and erupts at regular intervals |
| geothermal energy | energy from water or steam that has been heated by magma |
| quiet eruption | -a volcano erupts quietly if magma flows easily -produces pahoehoe and aa |
| explosive eruption | -volcano erupts explosively if magma is thick and sticky -breaks the lava into fragments that quickly cool and harden into pieces of different sizes |
| active volcano | a live volcano that is erupting or has shown signs that it may erupt in the near future |
| dormant volcano | -a sleeping volcano -scientists expect a dormant volcano to awaken in the future and become active |
| extinct volcano | -a dead volcano -unlikely to erupt again |
| shield volcano | repeated lava flows during quiet eruptions gradually build up a broad, gently sloping volcanic mountain |
| cinder cone volcano | when cinder erupts explosively from a volcanic vent, they pile up around the vent, forming a cone-shaped hill called a cinder cone |
| composite volcano | layers of lava alternate with layers of ash, cinders, and bombs in a composite volcano, which has both quiet and explosive eruptions |
| pahoehoe | fast moving, hot lava |
| aa | lava that is cooler and slower moving |
| volcanic neck | a deposit of hardened magma in a volcano's pipe |
| dome mountain | forms when rising magma is blocked by horizontal layers of rock |
| sill | a slab of volcanic rock formed when magma squeezes between layers of of rock |
| dike | a slab of volcanic rock formed when magma forces itself across rock layers |
Created by:
savannahbanana2749
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