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Biology 1st exam
Biology first exam review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biosphere | The earth |
| Ecosystem | Forests, grasslands, deserts, etc... |
| Communities | The organisms inhabiting an ecosystem |
| Population | consists of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area. |
| Organisms | Individual living things |
| Organs and Organ systems | A body part consisting of two or more tissues |
| tissues | the make-up of organs |
| cells | Life's fundamental unit of structure and function |
| Organelles | The various functional components that make up cells |
| Molecules | A chemical structure consisting of two or more small chemical unites called atoms. |
| Levels of Biological Organization | Biosphere, Ecosystem, Communities, Populations, Organisms, Organs and Organ systems, Tissues, Cells, Organelles, Molecules |
| Eukaryotic Cell | Subdivided by internal membranes into various membrane-enclosed organelles. The largest organelle is the nucleus. |
| Prokaryotic Cell | The DNA is not separated from the rest of the cell by enclosure in a membrane-bounded nucleus. Also lacks other kinds of membrane-enclosed organelles. |
| Chromosomes | contain almost all of a cell's DNA |
| DNA | (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) The substance of genes |
| Genes | The units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring. |
| Enzymes | Speed up specific chemical reactions, a type of protein |
| RNA | Controls protein production |
| Nucleotides | Strands of DNA |
| Genome | The entire make-up of genetic instructions that an organism inherits |
| Negative feedback | Accumulation of an end product of a process slows that process |
| Positive feedback | Accumulation of an end product speeds up its production |
| Classifications of life | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
| Domain Bacteria | The most diverse and widespread prokaryotes |
| Domain Archaea | Live in Earth's extreme environments, such as salty lakes and boiling hot springs |
| Domain Eukarya | Protists, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Animalia |
| Protists | Unicellular eukaryotes |
| Kingdom fungi | Absorb nutrients after decomposing organic material |
| Kingdom Plantae | Consists of multicellular eukaryotes that carry out photosynthesis |
| Kingdom Animalia | Consists of multicellular eukaryotes that ingest other organisms |
| Three domains of life | Domain bacteria (prokaryotic), domain archaea (prokaryotic), domain eukarya |
| Domain eukarya | Contains Kingdoms Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia |
| Discovery Science | Describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation and analysis of data. |
| Data | Recorded observations |
| Hypothesis | A tentative answer to a well-framed question |
| Deductive Reasoning | Reasoning that goes from the general to the specific |
| Controlled Experiment | An experiment that is designed to compare an experimental group with a control group. |
| Element | A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions |
| Compound | A substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio. |
| Main elements in the human body | Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, Phosphorus |
| Covalent Bond | The sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms |
| Electro negativity | The attraction of a particular kind of atom for the electrons of a covalent bond |
| nonpolar covalent bond | Electrons are shared equally |
| polar covalent bond | One atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom, the electrons are not shared equally |
Created by:
calebmo
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