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biology chapter 37
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 4 functions of the circulatory system | - Transports nutrients and wastes - Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide - Transports hormones - Distributes heat |
| what are the 4 components of the circulatory system | - Blood vessels - Lymphatic vessels - Blood - Heart |
| network of tubes through which the blood moves | blood vessels |
| intertwine with the blood vessels and recover fluid that leeks out of the blood vessels | lymphatic vessels |
| mixture of specialized cells and fluid | blood |
| muscular pump | heart |
| what is the pathway of the circulatory system | Heart -> arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries: gas and metabolic exchange -> venules -> veins -> heart |
| the very thick walls have to be able to expand | arteries |
| very thin so that exchanges can occur it is several miles long and they can stretch along the united states | capillaries |
| largest vein that leads into the heart | vena cava |
| collects 3 letters of fluid per day that leads out of the capillaries it drains back into the veins in the lower part of the neck | lymphatic system |
| the non cellular portion, 90% water and 10% solute, is composed of metabolites and waste, salts and ions and proteins | blood plasma |
| what are the 3 blood types | - RBC (erythrocytes) - WBC (leukocytes) - Platelets |
| red blood cells, flat disks with a collapsed center | RBC (erythrocytes) |
| about 4 months and is produced by stem cells in the bone | RBC (erythrocytes) |
| decrease level of red blood cells | anemia |
| white blood cells | WBC (leukocytes) |
| •No hemoglobin •primary cells of the immune system •Leukemia | WBC (leukocytes) |
| un-nucleated cells and key role is in blood clotting | Platelets |
| - Blood clotting - Hemophilia | platelets |
| lack of one of the looting proteins | hemophilia |
| due to the type of antigen coating outside the red blood cells | blood types |
| if Antigen on RBC are present | + |
| if Antigen on RBC are not present | - |
| 1st baby: Rh – mom | /h + baby —> baby fine- blood only mixes at birth, and during that short span, that the baby is fine |
| 2nd baby: mom treated | baby fine- mom has been developing more antibodies after the first baby, therefore a problem could occur, so they give a shot to the mom after the birth of the first child, to kill the rh+ antigens so no antibodies a pre developed, still are monitored |
| right side of the heart | pulmonary circulation loop |
| Pumps oxygen poor blood through pulmonary arteries to lungs —> gas exchange —> back to left side of heart | pulmonary circulation loop |
| left side of the heart | systemic circulation loop |
| Pumps oxygen rich blood to tissues —> deoxygenated blood returns to right side by veins | systemic circulation loop |
| measures blood pressure | Sphygmomanometer |
| Diastolic pressure | low pressure – relaxation of heart |
| Systolic pressure | high pressure – contraction of heart |
| ex) 120/80 | Systolic/diastolic |
| 100 – 130 | systolic |
| 70-90 | diastolic |
| high blood pressure, if in-treated can lead to heart damage, stroke, and kidney failure | Hypertension |
| measures the tiny electrical impulses produced by the heart muscles when it contracts | Electrocardiogram |
| people affected by some form of cardiovascular disease | 16% or approx. 42 million affected |
| when an area of a heart muscle does not receive enough blood (oxygen) and it results in the death of cardiac muscle cells | heart attack |
| •Can be caused by a Blood clot •Can also occur if arteries become blocked by deposits of Fatty materials in the inner walls of the heart | heart attack |
| build up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the arteries and blood flow becomes restricted | Atherosclerosis |
| hardening of the arteries occurs, when calcium is deposited in the fatty build up, therefore it can't expand so the heart has to work harder | Arteriosclerosis |
| 3 things in the Respiratory system | Respiratory passages, lungs and thoracic cavity |
| what is the pathway of the respiratory system | Breathe in —> nose filters dust/ epithelial tissue lining nasal cavity moistens and warms air —> pharynx —> larynx —> trachea —> bronchi —> lungs |
| suspended in the thoracic cavity, bounded on the sides by the ribs and the diaphragm from underneath | lungs |
| each lung is subdivided into three hundred million of chambers clustered like grapes | alveoli |
| what is the process of breathing (inhalation) | Air moves into lungs when air pressure inside them is decreased by expanding walls of chest cavity —> diaphragm contracts and moves downward and rib cage moves upward and outward —> volume of chest cavity increases and air rushes in |
| what is the process of breathing (exhalation) | diaphragm and ribs return to original position —> pressure by ribs and diaphragm forces air of the lungs |
| the bronchioles of the lungs become restricted due to their sensitivity to certain stimuli in the air making it difficult to exhale | asthma |
| the alveoli in the lungs loose their elasticity making it difficult for the alveoli to release their air during exhalation leading to a great reduction in the efficiency of gas exchange | Emphysema |
| abnormal cell growth, less than 10% of victims live more than five years after diagnosis | lung cancer |
Created by:
Lauren Bowers
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