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ScienceSemester exam
Jan 2009
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define the scientific method (scientific method)and list the steps. | 1. State the problem or questions; 2. Form a testable hypothesis; 3. Design an experiment; 4. Collect & analyze data; 5. Draw conclusions & 6. Communicate results. |
| Define Hypothesis and give example. | hypothesis implies insufficient evidence to provide more than a tentative explanation <a hypothesis explaining the extinction of the dinosaurs> |
| Define theory and give example. | theory implies a greater range of evidence and greater likelihood of truth <the theory of evolution> |
| Define law and give example. | law implies a statement of order and relation in nature that has been found to be invariable under the same conditions <the law of gravitation>. |
| What are the characteristics of a living organism? | 1. Cells; 2. Reproduction; 3. Uses energy; 4. Chemicals of life; 5. Responds to the environment; & 6. Growth and development. |
| What are the 5 levels of organization? | Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and organisms |
| Microscope - eyepiece | You look through it to view your speciman. |
| Microscope - coarse adjustment knob | Used to move the upper part of the microscope. |
| Microscope - Fine Adjustment Knob | Used to fine-tune your focus on your speciman. |
| Microscope - High Power Objective | Lense with high power |
| Microscope - Low Power Objective | Lense with low power |
| Microscope - Diaphragm | Controls the amount of light going through the aperture. |
| List 3 safety rules for the lab. | 1. conduct yourself responsibly; 2. follow instructions; & 3. follow dress code. |
| Explain how to calculate total magnification for a microscope. | Take the power of the objective and multiply by the power of the eye piece. |
| What is homeostasis? | A point of balance in the body. |
| What are the three parts of cell theory? | 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure in all living things. 3. All cells are products of other cells. |
| Write the major contribution for each cell scientist. Hooke, Schwann, Schleiden and Virchow. | Hooke looked at cork under microscope, Schwann said all animals have cells, Schleiden said all plants have cells, Virchow said all new cells come from exsisting cells |
| Explain how photosynthesis helps all living things. | the process of photosynthesis changes carbon dioxide into oxygen. |
| What happens during photosynthesis (equation)? | It turns light energy into chemical energy. |
| What are active and passive transport? | Active transport is the movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy. Passive transport is the movement of dissovled materials through a cell membrane without the use of cellular energy. |
| List and describe 3 msin steps in the cell cycle. | Interphase - Cell grows and makes copy of DNAMitosis - the nucleus dividesCytokinesis - the cell splits and the new daughter cells are made. |
| List the 4 phases of mitosis in order. | prophasemetaphaseanaphasetelophase |
| What are chromosomes and what is their function? | Chromosomes are rods of chromtin that store DNA |
| Define Osmosis | The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane. |
| Define Diffusion | The main method by which small molecules move across the cell membrane. |
| Define mutation. | A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. |
| Define probability. | Probability is the likelihood or chance that something is the case or will happen. |
| List and describe 3 main steps of the cell cycle. | 1. interphase - cell grows and makes a copy of DNA. 2. Mitosis - the nucleus divides. 3. Cytokinesis - the cell splits and the new daughter cells are made. |
| List the 4 phases of mitosis in order. | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. |
| What are chromosomes and what is their function? | Chromosomes are rods of chromatin that serve as storage for DNA. |
| Define Osmosis. | Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a selective p |
| Define Diffusion. | Main method by which small molecules move across the cell. |
| What happens during respiration (equation)? | Sugar + oxygen -------> carbon dioxide and water = energy |
| What is respiration? | Cellular respiration, the process in which molecules are converted into useable energy |
| What are the differences between a plant and animal cell? | A cell has a cell wall and an animal cell has chloroplsts. |
| Define Phenotype | An organism's physical appearance or visible traits. |
| Define Genotype. | An organism's genetic makeup or allele combinations. |
| Define Allele. | Part of a pair. |
| Define Dominant Allele. | An allele trait whose trait always shows up in an organism. |
| Define Recessive Allele. | An allele whose trait is masked in the presence of a dominant allele. |
| What is a Punnett Square? | A chart which predicts all possible gene combinations. |
| Who is the father of genetics and why? | Gregor Mendel - his experiments with peas. |
| Descibe the structure of DNA. Which pairs go together? | DNA is a double helix. It has two parts - 1. the back bone of a molecule and 2. bases, which are the side chains. Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine. |
| What is the relationship between chromosomes, DNA and genes? | Chromosomes are made up of DNA and DNA is made of genes. |
| List 3 traits that are influenced by your genetic information. | Height, muscles, and weight |
| What is meiosis? | the process of reducitonal division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half. |
| How many chromosomes does each human cell begin and end with for: A) Mitosis? B) Meiosis? | Mitosis - 46 and Mieosis - 23 |
Created by:
Jon13
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