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SOPN Acid Base test3
SOPN acid base balance and ABG's test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pH | acid content of the blood7.35 - 7.45 |
| PaCO2 | carbon dioxide content of the blood35 - 45 |
| PaO2 | oxygen content of the blood80 - 100 |
| HCO3 | bi-carbonate content of the blood22 - 26 |
| SaO2 | percentage of hemoglobin saturated in oxygen95 - 100% |
| arterial blood | shows the make-up of blood before it is distributed to the tissues |
| buffer system | keeps the pH relatively constant |
| Buffers include: | Carbonic Acid * Phosphate * Protein * |
| Carbonic Acid - Bicarbonate | clinically the most important |
| two types of carbonate present in the blood | carbonic acid (H2CO3)Bicarbonic acid (HCO3) |
| Ratio: | 1 part carbonic acid to 20 parts bicarb!!!!!"if I've told you once...I've told you 20 times!" |
| metabolic and respiratory processes | work together to keep Hydrogen (H+) levels within the normal range |
| regulators of acid base balance | Buffers * respiratory system * renal system |
| Buffers | Primary regulators * act IMMEDIATLY! * Present in the blood and tissues * take up or release Hydorgen (H+) |
| Respiratory System | eliminates Carbon Dioxide (CO2) * respiratory center is found in the Medulla * |
| Increased breathing would affect the carbon dioxide levels how.......... | INCREASE CO2 eliminated from the body DECREASE CO2 level found in the blood |
| Carbonic Acid Concentration | controlled by the lungs (because CO2 is retained in large amounts....MORE is available to combine with H2O to form Carbonic Acid (H2CO3) YAY US! |
| The amount of CO2 expelled from the body is controlled by what? | rate and depth of respirations |
| Decreased respirations affect CO2 levels in what way???? | DECREASED CO2 eliminated from the body INCREASED CO2 in the blood......smarty pants! |
| Respiratory System response time to changes in acid base levels..... | minutes to HOURS |
| Buffers response time to changes in acid base levels | IMMEDIATLY |
| Bicarbonate is controlled by whom | kidneys |
| slelctively secrets or retains bicarb depending on the body's needs | kidneys |
| Renal System response time to change in acid base levels | HOURS to DAYS! Take ya damm sweet time! |
| Secretes hydrogen ions (H+) and reabsorbs bicarbonate ions (HCO3) | Renal system |
| Reabsorption and secretion of electrolytes | Renal System |
| ABG | arterial blood gases |
| You could obtain an acid base value by testing what? | Arterial blood gases |
| pH | overall state of the body......measure of Hydrogen concentration |
| pH of blood.....gimme the levels | acidosis <------7.35-7.45------> alkaline |
| PaCO2 | respiratory component measures partial pressure of CO2 |
| PaCO2 levels, if you please. | acidosis <------ 35-45 ------> alkaline |
| HCO3 | measures all the CO2 dissolved in the blood as carbonic and bi carb. |
| HCO3 levels........... | acidosis <------ 22-26 -------> alkaline |
| PaO2 | 80-100 mm Hg |
| PaO2 defination | partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood |
| SaO2 | arterial Oxygen saturation level------- 96-100% ------ |
| How to obtain arterial blood | really really really sharp stickheparinized needle blood from artery (radial or femoral will do)Put it on ice (no shot glass)send it straight to the lab - do not pass go |
| Respiratory levels | up - pH down - PaCO2down pH up - PaCO2 |
| Metabolic Levels | up - pH up - HCO3Down - pH down - HCO3 |
| If both respiratory and metabolic components match the pH your diagnosis could be..... | mixed disorder |
| Carbonic acid excess or deficit is | RESPIRATORY acidosis or alkalosis |
| BiCarbonate changes are referred to as | METABOLIC acidosis or alkalosis |
| compensation | the effort of the body to maintain a normal pH when acidosis or alkalosis occurs |
| Major effect of acidosis | depression of the Central Nervous System |
| Major effect of alkalosis | over excitablility of the nervous system and muscles may go into Tetany |
| respiratory acidosis | any condition that decreases the rate of pulmonary ventilation, increases the concentration of dissolved CO2 and H ions, AND results in a build up of carbonic acid |
| The build up of carbonic acid and the excess of Carbon Dioxide depresses ME and what else | respiratory center |
| effects of respiratory acidosis | rapid breathing * visual disturbances * behavioral changes * confusion * drowsiness * headaches * COMA - fun for all! |
| Treatment of respiratory acidosis | increase alveolar ventilation rate to improve exchange of CO2 and O2. Bronchodilators * Postural Drainage * Deep breathing and coughing |
| respiratory alkalosis causes | hyperventilation |
| hyperventilation can be caused by | anxiety, fever, hypoxia, micro-emboli, mechanical ventilation, encephalitis, hyperthyroidism, peritoneal dialysis |
| GOT TETANY? | calcium gluconate |
| GOT HYPERVENTILATION? | rebreathe CO2 |
| GOT VENTILATOR? | turn down setting on machine |
| What occurs with a deficit of Bi-carbonate? | metabolic acidosis |
| SaO2 | arterial Oxygen saturation level------- 96-100% ------ |
| How to obtain arterial blood | really really really sharp stickheparinized needle blood from artery (radial or femoral will do)Put it on ice (no shot glass)send it straight to the lab - do not pass go |
| Respiratory levels | up - pH down - PaCO2down pH up - PaCO2 |
| Metabolic Levels | up - pH up - HCO3Down - pH down - HCO3 |
| If both respiratory and metabolic components match the pH your diagnosis could be..... | mixed disorder |
| Carbonic acid excess or deficit is | RESPIRATORY acidosis or alkalosis |
| BiCarbonate changes are referred to as | METABOLIC acidosis or alkalosis |
| compensation | the effort of the body to maintain a normal pH when acidosis or alkalosis occurs |
| Major effect of acidosis | depression of the Central Nervous System |
| Major effect of alkalosis | over excitablility of the nervous system and muscles may go into Tetany |
| respiratory acidosis | any condition that decreases the rate of pulmonary ventilation, increases the concentration of dissolved CO2 and H ions, AND results in a build up of carbonic acid |
| The build up of carbonic acid and the excess of Carbon Dioxide depresses ME and what else | respiratory center |
| effects of respiratory acidosis | rapid breathing * visual disturbances * behavioral changes * confusion * drowsiness * headaches * COMA - fun for all! |
| Treatment of respiratory acidosis | increase alveolar ventilation rate to improve exchange of CO2 and O2. Bronchodilators * Postural Drainage * Deep breathing and coughing |
| respiratory alkalosis causes | hyperventilation |
| hyperventilation can be caused by | anxiety, fever, hypoxia, micro-emboli, mechanical ventilation, encephalitis, hyperthyroidism, peritoneal dialysis |
| GOT TETANY? | calcium gluconate |
| GOT HYPERVENTILATION? | rebreathe CO2 |
| GOT VENTILATOR? | turn down setting on machine |
| What occurs with a deficit of Bi-carbonate? | metabolic acidosis |
| uncontrolled diabetes equals what | metabolic acidosis |
| treatment for metabolic acidosis | IV solution of bicarb or sodium lactate |
| metabolic alkalosis equals | bicarb excess |
| what precautions should you put in place immediatly once your patient has been diagnosed as having metabolic alkalosis | seizure precautions |
| R-O-M-E | Respiratory OppositeMetabolic Equal |
| Overuse of antacids by the elderly causes | Metabolic alkalosis |
Created by:
Beezle
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