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AP Bio_13_Meiosis

LCHS_AP Biology_Ch 13_Meiosis

QuestionAnswer
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.
AUTOSOME A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex, as opposed to a sex chromosome
CHIASMATA The X-shaped, microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
CLONE A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells.
CROSSING OVER The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I.
DIPLOID CELL A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent.
FERTILIZATION The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
GAMETES A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote
GENE A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).
GENETICS The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
HAPLOID CELL A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).
HEREDITY The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME Chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father, the other from the mother.
KARYOTYPE A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number, size, and type.
LIFE CYCLE The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.
LOCUS A particular place along the length of a certain chromosome where a given gene is located.
MEIOSIS A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
MEIOSIS I The first division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
MEIOSIS II The second division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
RECOMBINANT CHROMOSOMES Chromosomes created when crossing over combines the DNA from two parents into a single chromosome.
SEX CHROMOSOMES One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.
SOMATIC CELL Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.
SYNAPSIS The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.
SYNGAMY The process of cellular union during fertilization.
TETRAD A paired set of homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis
VARIATION Differences between members of the same species.
ZYGOTE The diploid product of the union of haploid gametes in conception; a fertilized egg.
Created by: gtemple
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