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EMS Chapter7 Pharmac
Emergency Care & Transp. 10th Edition 2011 Jones & Bartlett
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| absorption | The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream. |
| action | The therapeutic effect of a medication on the body. |
| activated charcoal | An oral medication that binds and adsorbs ingested toxins in the gastrointestinal tract for treatment of some poisonings and medication overdoses. Charcoal is ground into a very fine powder that provides the greatest possible surface area for binding medi |
| adsorption | The process of binding or sticking to a surface. |
| Aagonist | A medication that causes stimulation of receptors. |
| antagonist | A medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications. |
| aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid or ASA) | A medication that is an antipyretic (reduces fever), analgesic (reduces pain), anti-inflammatory (reduces inflammation), and potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation (clumping). |
| contraindications | Conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate; for example, a condition in which a medication should not be given because it would not help or may actually harm a patient. |
| dose | The amount of medication given on the basis of the patient's size and age. |
| EMT-administered medication | When the EMT directly administers the medication to the patient. |
| enteral medications | |
| Medications that enter the body through the digestive system. | |
| epinephrine | |
| A substance produced by the body (commonly called adrenaline), and a drug produced by pharmaceutical companies that increases pulse rate and blood pressure; the drug of choice for an anaphylactic reaction. | |
| gel | |
| A semiliquid substance that is administered orally in capsule form or through plastic tubes. | |
| generic name | |
| The original chemical name of a medication (in contrast with one of its "trade names"); the name is not capitalized. | |
| hypoglycemia | |
| A condition characterized by a low blood glucose level. | |
| indications | |
| The therapeutic uses for a specific medication. | |
| inhalation | |
| Breathing into the lungs; a medication delivery route. | |
| intended effect | |
| The effect that a medication is expected to have on the body. | |
| intramuscular (IM) injection | |
| An injection into a muscle; a medication delivery route. | |
| intranasal (IN) | |
| A delivery route in which a medication is pushed through a specialized atomizer device called a mucosal atomizer device (MAD) into the naris. | |
| intraosseous (IO) | |
| Into the bone; a medication delivery route. | |
| intravenous (IV) injection | |
| An injection directly into a vein; a medication delivery route. | |
| medication | |
| A chemical substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or relieve pain. | |
| metered-dose inhaler (MDI) | |
| A miniature spray canister used to direct medications through the mouth and into the lungs. | |
| mucosal atomizer device (MAD) | |
| A device that is used to change a liquid medication into a spray and push it into a nostril. | |
| nitroglycerin | |
| A medication that increases cardiac perfusion by causing arteries to dilate; you may be allowed to help the patient self-administer the medication. | |
| oral | |
| By mouth; a medication delivery route. | |
| oral glucose | |
| A simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream; it is carried on the EMS unit. | |
| over-the-counter (OTC) medications | |
| Medications that may be purchased directly by a patient without a prescription. | |
| oxygen | |
| A gas that all cells need for metabolism; the heart and brain, especially, cannot function without oxygen. | |
| parenteral medications | |
| Medications that enter the body by a route other than the digestive tract, skin, or mucous membranes. | |
| patient-assisted medication | |
| When the EMT assists the patient with the administration of his or her own medication. | |
| peer-assisted medication | |
| When the EMT adminsters medication to him or herself or to a partner. | |
| per os (PO) | |
| Through the mouth; a medication delivery route; same as oral. | |
| per rectum (PR) | |
| Through the rectum; a medication delivery route. | |
| pharmacodynamics | |
| The process by which a medication works on the body. | |
| pharmacology | |
| The study of the properties and effects of medications. | |
| polypharmacy | |
| The simultaneous use of multiple medications by a patient as typically seen in elderly people. | |
| prescription medications | |
| Medications that are distributed to patients only by pharmacists according to a physician's order. | |
| side effects | |
| Any effects of a medication other than the desired ones. | |
| solution | |
| A liquid mixture that cannot be separated by filtering or allowing the mixture to stand. | |
| subcutaneous (SC) injection | |
| Injection into the tissue between the skin and muscle; a medication delivery route. | |
| sublingual (SL) | |
| Under the tongue; a medication delivery route. | |
| suspension | |
| A mixture of ground particles that are distributed evenly throughout a liquid but do not dissolve. | |
| topical medications | |
| Lotions, creams, and ointments that are applied to the surface of the skin and affect only that area; a medication delivery route. | |
| trade name | |
| The brand name that a manufacturer gives a medication; the name is capitalized. | |
| transcutaneous (transdermal) | |
| Through the skin; a medication delivery route. | |
| unintended effect | |
| Actions that are undesirable but pose little risk to the patient. | |
| untoward effects | |
| Actions that can be harmful to the patient |
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