Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 10
Stack #191448
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why do cells not grow very large? | 1.DNA Overload 2.Exchanging materials: as a cell grows, its volume increases much faster than its surface area so the amount of materials needed to support a large cell can not diffuse through the cell membrane. |
| How does the volume increase compared with the surface area? | volume increases much faster than its surface area |
| What are the two parts of the cell cycle? | Interphase, and Mitoc (or M phase) |
| Which of these two parts is the longest? | G2 phase : S phase |
| What are the three parts of interphase and what happens during each? | 1. G1 phase : period of growth. 2. S phase: DNA replicates itself.3. G2 phase: the cell prepares for mitosis. |
| What is the most important thing to happen during interphase and why? | S phase, everything is copied during this phase |
| What is the difference between chromatin, chromosomes and chromatids? | 1. Uncoiled DNA is invisible under a microscope2.A pulled apart sister chromatid.3.Held together by a centromere |
| What holds the two sister chromatids together? | centromere |
| What is mitosis? | the division of the nucleus |
| Name the four phases of mitosis in order. | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
| Name the four things that happen during prophase? | •chromatin coils up or condenses into visible double chromosomes (two sister chromatids). •the nuclear envelop and nucleolus disappear.•the centrioles begin to migrate toward the poles •the spindle begins to form and the fibers attach to the centrioles |
| What does the spindle look like? | a foot-ball shaped structure |
| Where are the poles of a cell? | animal cells only |
| What happens during metaphase? | the doubled chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell moved by the spindle fibers attached to their centromere |
| Where is the equator of a cell? | middle |
| What happens during anaphase? | • the centromeres split separating the sister chromatids.• the spindle fibers pull the identical chromosomes towards the opposite poles. |
| Telophase is mainly the opposite of what phase? | prophase |
| Name the four things that happen during telophase? | •the chromosomes uncoil and become invisible.•the nuclear envelopes and nucleolus reappear.•the spindle fibers break down and disappear.•The cytoplasm begins to divide (cytokinesis). |
| What is cytokinesis? | the division of the cytoplasm |
| How is plant cell cytokinesis different than animal cell cytokinesis? | Animal cells: the plasma membrane pinches in along the middle.The furrow deepens until the cell is pinched in half.Plant cells: a cell plate develops along the equator of the cell and grows outward until it reaches the cell wall. New cell wall material >> |
| What is the area where the cell membrane pinches in called? | furrow |
| What is the end result of mitosis? | 2 new daughter cells |
| What is a deletion mutation? | part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is missing. |
| What is an insertion mutation? | is the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a genetic sequence. This can often happen in microsatellite regions due to the DNA polymerase slipping. |
| What is an inversion mutation? | This is where the order of a particular order of genes are reversed |
| What is a translocation mutation? | Translocations are the transfer of a piece of one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome |
| What causes a non-disjunction mutation? | gametes with one extra chromosome and other gametes lacking a chromosome. |
| What is trisomy? | A congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st chromosome; results in a flat face and short stature and mental retardation. |
| What is Monosomy? | there is deletion (monosomy) of a portion of chromosome 9. Symptoms include microgenitalia, mental retardation with microcephaly and dysmorphic features. |
| DNA Overload | large cells would require more DNA than can be supported by a single nucleus |
Created by:
wheels2
Popular Biology sets