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Topic 11:Rocks&Min.s
Pages (218-222); Minerals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| State two ways in which Earth materials are of value to mankind. | Fossil fuels power our post industrial society, and geology centered materials are used in the construction of homes and roadways. |
| Define lithosphere: | Earth's solid exterior surface. Lithosphere is decided into continental and oceanic rock. |
| Define minerals: | The building blocks of rocks. Inorganic, solid, naturally forming, with repetitive internal atomic arrangement. |
| List six (6) physical characteristics of minerals. | Color, streak, luster, hardness, cleavage or fracture, & crystal structure. |
| Describe the rock forming minerals. | While mineralologists have identified more than 3000 minerals, about 15 are found in more than 90% of all rocks. These fifteen are called the rock forming minerals. |
| Name the characteristic responsible for all physical and chemical mineral properties. | Internal atomic arrangement. |
| What is a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron? | (*see figure 11-4) Four Oxygen, and one silicon atom combine to form a pyramid shaped building block found in all silicates, the most abundant family of minerals. |
| What factor determines the color of corundum? (Blue sapphire or red ruby) | Chemical impurities determine color. |
| Why is color not the most reliable physical characteristic? | The same mineral may come in several different colors such as white gold, yellow gold, and rose colored gold. |
| How does one test for streak? | Draw the mineral across a white porcelain streak plate. Describe the powder residue. |
| Explain how we test for hardness. | Draw the mineral across a piece of glass which has a hardness of about 5.5. A scratch means harder than 5.5 on Moh's Hardness Scale. No mark indicates softer than 5.5. See ESRT pg. 16 for more specific harness values. |
| Contrast cleavage with fracture. | Minerals that display cleavage are usually shiny and break with flat surfaces. Fracture suggests an unpredictable break of the mineral. |
| Name the mineral that reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. | Calcite! (CaCO3) |
| How might we describe luster? | Metallic or non metallic. Shiny or dull. |
| Discuss specific gravity. | The density of the mineral when compared with water which has a density of 1.0 g/ml or g/cm3. |
Created by:
whearn
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