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Chapter 4 Genetics

QuestionAnswer
heredity the passing of traits from parents to offspring
trait a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes
genetics the scientific study of heredity
fertilization the joining of a sperm cell and an egg cell
purebred the offspring of many generations that have the same traits
gene the set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
alleles the different forms of a gene
dominant allele an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
recessive allele an allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
hybrid an organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait
probability probability – a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur
Punnett square a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
phenotype an organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits
genotype an organism’s genetic makeup, or allele combinations
homozygous having two identical alleles for a trait
heterozygous having two different alleles for a trait
codominance neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive
meiosis the process that occurs in the formation of sex cells by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half
messenger RNA messenger RNA – RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm
transfer RNA RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain
mutation a change in a gene or chromosome
Created by: koch6
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