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Vertebrate Zoology
Neo-ornithes (Ancestral and modern birds)
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Dromeosaurs | Pneumatized skeleton, wishbone, feathers, bipedal, flexible wrist, lateral shoulders |
Archaeopteryx | Cousin of birds; No keeled sternum; Bony tail; Teeth and reptile like skull; No fused sacrum; Clawed foredigits |
Archiornis huxleyi | eteching dark, white, and red melanophores |
Modern Birds Flight | Streaming lining with contour feathers |
Weight Reduction Modern Birds | No urinary bladder, one ovary, down feathers |
Modern Bird Forces | Thrust, lift, and drag; Dynamic soaring needs big secondaries and small primaries; High speed is bigger primaries than secondaries; High lift is large secondaries and high camber |
Modern Bird Feet | Anisodactylie with three toes forward and one back for perching; Zygodactylie with two forward and two back for verticle surfaces |
Modern Bird Feathers | Melanin for strength and neutral colors; Carotenoids from food and warm colors; Porphyrin destroyed by UV but bright colors |
Modern Bird Vocalization | Air over syrinx for vibrations for high pitch sounds; Percussion sounds with wings and beaks |