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BIOL212
Majors animal: Lab practical one questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why are tunicates in Phylum Chordata? | At some point possesses all five traits common to Chordates (pharyngeal gill slits, postanal tail, endostyle, dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord) |
| Why are lancelets in Phylum Chordata? | At some point they possess all five traits common to Chordates (pharyngeal gill slits, postanal tail, endostyle, dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord) |
| What is the physiology of the gallbladder? | Stores bile |
| What is the cecum in a human called? | Appendix |
| In terms of all the other fishes, what characteristic do hagfishes not have that they do? | Accessory heart |
| List one very close relative to the hagfish. | Lamprey |
| What kind of scales do steelhead have? | Cycloid |
| Which is shed annually: a true horn or antler? | Antler |
| Which animal sheds its horns annually? | Pronghorn antelope |
| What is the bone in the penis of many mammal species called? List three mammal species that don't have this bone. | Baculum; humans, horses, whales |
| What is the wishbone of an avian reptile more accurately called? | Furcula |
| What do owls regurgitate onto the floor? | Owl pellets |
| Does the owl have a urinary bladder? | No |
| What is the nitrogenous waste product for birds called? A) Urea B) Uric acid C) Ammonia D) All of the above | B) Uric acid |
| What is the ear bone of a teleost called? | Otolith |
| What can an ichthyologist determine by an ear bone? | Age of the fish |
| How many cervical vertebrae in the human? | Seven |
| How many thoracic vertebrae in the human? | 12 |
| How many thoracic vertebrae does a cat have? | 13 |
| How many lumbar vertebrae in a human? | Five |
| How many vertebrae are fused to form the sacrum in the human? | Five |
| The caudal vertebrae are collectively referred to as the ________ in humans. | Tailbone |
| T or F: The female and male human have the same number of ribs. | True |
| The two primary contractile proteins found in muscle tissue are what? | Actin and myosin |
| Impulses in vertebrates' neurons can travel only in one direction. Dendrites carry impulses ________ the cell body and axons carry impulses ________ from the cell body. | Into; away |
| What organelle is missing in RBCs? | Nucleus |
| What is the main protein in RBCs and what is its function? | Albumin; transport of small molecules |
| What is stored in adipose tissue? | Fats and oils |
| What is one characteristic of smooth muscle? | Involuntary movement |
| What is one characteristic of skeletal muscle? | Voluntary movement |
| Tendons attach ______ to ____. | Muscle to bone |
| Ligaments attach ____ to ____. | Bone to bone |
| Where are red and white blood cells synthesized in mammals? | Spongy bone |
| What are platelets? | Small, colorless, cell fragment without nucleus |
| What is the physiology of platelets? | Involved in clotting |
| How many days does the average RBC live in a human? Why? | About 120 days because they do not contain a nucleus |
| What organelle does the frog RBC have for its entire lifespan whereas the human RBC destroys this organelle early on? | Nucleus |
| The study of vertebrate tissues is called what? | Histology |
| What are the three embryonic germ layers called? | Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm |
| Which germ layer did the liver, thymus, pancreas, thyroid, and epithelial lining of the respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems develop from? | Endoderm |
| Which germ layer did the adrenal cortex, body cavity lining, dermis, notochord, and muscular, skeletal, excretory, circulatory, lymphatic, and reproductive systems develop from? | Mesoderm |
| Which germ layer did the epidermis, epithelial lining of mouth and anus, cornea and lens of eye, nervous system, epidermal sensory receptors, adrenal medulla, tooth enamel, and epithelium of pineal and pituitary glands develop from? | Ectoderm |
| ______ attaches muscle to muscle. | Fascia |
| What is the maximum number of bones you had during embryonic development? | 270 |
| How many bones do you have now? | 206 |
| What is the specific name of the connective tissue holding your visceral mass together? | Mesentery |
| Name five anadromous fish species that are endemic (native) to the Columbia River Watershed. | Green Sturgeon, Chinook, Sockeye, Steelhead, White Sturgeon |
| Name one anadromous fish that was introduced to the Columbia River Watershed. | Shad |
| What is a landlocked sockeye salmon called? | Kokanee |
| Feathers are modified ______. | Scales |
| The beard on a male turkey is modified ______. | Modified feathers |
| Are heterocercal tails primitive or advanced? | Primitive |
| Name two fish species that possess a heterocercal tail. | Hammerhead shark and dogfish |
| Are homocercal tails primitive or advanced? | Advanced |
| Name two fish species that possess a homocercal tail. | Steelhead and perch |
| Gars and bowfin fish have what scale type? | Ganoid |
| Are sharks ovoviviparous, oviparous, or both? | Both |
| Define rete mirabile. | A complex of arteries and veins lying very close to each other found in some vertebrates |
| We have learned that sharks are one of the only groups of animals that have never developed ______. (Hint: abnormal mass of cells that one of three of us will develop) | Cancer |
| Since sharks lack the anatomical structure called a _______, they have to continually keep swimming in the water column. | Operculum |
| What is a baby shark called? | Pup |
| Sharks have a streamlined body shape called what? | Fusiform |
| In sharks, the excretory and reproductive systems are combined and called the __________ system. | Urogenital |
| List three main anatomies of a bony fish gill. | Gill arch, gill rakes, gill filaments, operculum |
| What is the genus name for cats? | Felis |
| How many chambers does a mammalian heart have? | Four |
| At the juncture of the right atrium and right ventricle is the ______ valve. | Tricuspid |
| The bicuspid and tricuspid valves are prevented from being pushed too far backward by small string-like attachments of connective tissue called _________. | Cordae tendinae |
| The ridges seen in the brain are called _______. | Gyrus |
| The grooves between the ridges in the brain are called _______. | Sulcus |
| T or F: The cerebrum is the largest portion of the brain. | True |
| The two hemispheres are connected by the _______. | Corpus callosum |
| Many mammals, including sheep, have a special coating of the cornea known as the _______, which causes the eyes to shine at night when spotted by a bright light. | Tapetus lucidum |
| The lens is suspended in a fluid filled chamber known as the ______. | Vitreous |
| The fluid in the chamber the lens is suspended in is called the ______. | Vitreous chamber |
| List the four contractile regions of the heart in the cartilaginous fishes in the order that blood flows through them, starting with the return of deoxygenated blood from the body. | Sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, conus arteriosus |
| List the three epithelial layers that cover the brain and spinal cord of mammals. | Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater |
| What embryonic germ layer were the three epithelial layers that cover the brain and spinal cord of mammals derived from? For EC, name a disease resulting from inflammation of the most inner layer. | Ectoderm; spinal meningitis |
| The more accurate name for hooved animals is what? | Ungulate |
| What anatomy produces blood cells for cartilaginous fishes? | Spleen |
| What anatomy produces blood cells for avian reptiles? | Spleen |
| Do owls have a crop? | No |
| Do owls have a gizzard? | No |
| What is the main building material of avian reptile egg shells? | Calcium carbonate |
| How do developing avian reptile embryos receive oxygen and release carbon dioxide for cellular respiration? | Shell pores |
| What anatomy makes the egg shell in avian reptiles? | Oviduct |
| T or F: Female avian reptiles have a right and left ovary plus right and left oviducts and if false, which do they have? | False; left |
| What is the better name for cartilaginous fishes sometimes called ratfish? | Chimaera |
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