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Adaptation
N5 Adaptation,Mutation and Natural Selection
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mutation | A change in an organisms DNA (genetic information) which causes a change in the organisms appearance or behaviour. |
| Neutral Mutations | A change in an organisms genetic information that has no effect on the chances of an organism surviving. |
| Advantageous Mutations | A change in genetic information that changes the organisms appearance or behaviour in a way that will increase the chances of an organism surviving. |
| Disadvantageous Mutations | A change in genetic information that changes the organisms appearance or behaviour in a way that will decrease the chances of an organism surviving. |
| Mutagen/ Mutagenic agent | A chemical or physical phenomenom that increases the chances of a mutation occuring. |
| Examples of Mutagens/ Mutagenic agents include: | Certain types of Radiaton, Chemicals and High Temperatures |
| Adaptation | The process in which changes in a populations make them better suited to surviving in there environment. |
| Structural Adaptation | The process in which changes in a population's physical appearance makes them better suited to surviving in there environment. |
| Behavioural Adaptation | The process in which changes in the way a populations acts or reacts makes them better suited to surviving in there environment. |
| Evolution | The continual changes in a species appearance or behaviour over time. |
| Species | Organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring. |
| Natural Selection | The process in which organisms which are better suited to their environment live longer and so are more likely to reproduce to pass on their favourable genetic information/characteristics to their offspring. |
| Selection Pressure | A factor within the environment which will act on a population to decrease its numbers. |
| Selective Advantage | An organisms characteristics or behaviours that enable it to survive and reproduce better than other organisms in a population within a particular environment. |
| Speciation | The process by which new species are formed. |
| Isolation Barrier | Any factor that prevents a group of individuals being able to reproduce with another group of individuals within the same population. |
| Examples of Isolation Barriers | •Geographical - physical structures such as mountains,oceans, deserts •Ecological - differences in factors such as light intensity, pH, water availability •Reproductive - Changes in the reproductive organs, changes in when the organism mates. |
| Examples of Selection Pressures | •competition •predation •disease •parasitism •habitat loss •environmental changes •pollution |
| Gene Pool | All of the genes available to the members within a population. |
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dhsbiology
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