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Chapter 19
Reproductive System Disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| spermatogenesis | the production of spermatozoa, is a continuous process |
| seminiferous tubules | "sperm factories" |
| epididymis | where the sperm mature |
| ampulla | where sperm is stored for several weeks until ejaculation occurs |
| seminal vesicles | located behind the bladder, provide secretion that includes fructose to nourish the sperm |
| prostate gland | surrounds the urethra at the base of the bladder, adds an alkaline fluid to provide optimum pH of around 6 for ferilization |
| bulbourethral glands | situated near the base of the penis, secrete an alkaline mucus, which probably neutralizes any residual urine in the urethra |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone | initiates spermatogenesis |
| Luteinizing hormone | stimulates testosterone production by the interstitial cells in the testes |
| testosterone | is essential for maturation of sperm |
| Epispadias | refers to a urethral opening on the dorsal (upper) surface of the penis, proximal to the glands |
| Hypospadias | a urethral opening on the ventral (under) surface of the penis; it is considered more severe |
| Cryptorchidism | occurs when one of the testes fails to descend into the normal position in the scrotum during the latter part of pregnancy |
| Hydrocele | occurs when excessive fluid collects in the potential space between the layers of the tunica vaginalis |
| Spermatocele | a cyst containing fluid & sperm that develops between the testis & the epididymis outside the tunica vaginalis |
| Varicocele | is a dilated vein in the spermatic cord, usually on the left side |
| Prostatitis | inflammation of the prostate gland; recurrent infections can lead to prostate cancer; caused primarily by Ecoli |
| Balanitis | a fungal infection of the glans penis that can be transmitted by sexual activity |
| Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) | very common disorder in men; causes urinary obstruction, but is not associated with malignancy |
| gynecomastia | enlarged breasts |
| vulva | female external genitalia; includes the mons pubis, labia, clitoris, & vaginal orifice |
| mons pubis | consists of adipose tissue & hair covering the symphysis pubis |
| labia majora | the outer fold |
| labia minora | long, thin folds of skin extending back & down from the mons pubis, protecting the orificis |
| clitoris | is a small projection of erectile tissue located anterior to the urethra |
| leukorrhea | normal vaginal discharge |
| acini | the basic functional units of the breast tissue |
| dyspareunia | painful intercourse |
| cystocele | protrusion of the bladder into the anterior wall of the vagina |
| rectocele | protrusion of the rectum into the posterior wall of the vagina |
| Menorrhagia | increased amount & duration of flow |
| Metrorrhagia | bleeding between cycles |
| Polymenrrhea | short cycles of less than 3 weeks |
| Oligomenorrhea | long cycles of more than 6 weeks |
| Candidiasis | yeast infection; is a frequent opportunistic vaginal infection in women |
| Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) | a serious bacterial infection of the reproductive tract, particularly the fallopian tubes & ovaries; usually originates as vaginitis or cervicitis; treatment involves aggressive antimicrobials |
| Leiomyoma (Fibroids) | a benign tumor of the myometrium, the cause of which is unknown |
| Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome | large ovaries containing cysts & covered with a thick capsule develop |
| Fibrocystic Breast Disease | benign breast disease including a broad range of breast lesions |
| Endometriosis | is a cause of dysmenorrhea & infertility |
| Complications of BPH | Nodules form in inner prostate Urethra is compressed Obstruction of urine flow Incomplete emptying of bladder Infection (cystitis) Hydronephrosis Kidney damage |
| Treatment of BPH | Surgery Flomax (tamsulosin)- relaxes smooth muscle in prostate & bladder, resulting in increased flow of urine |
Created by:
mschumacher1
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