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Intro to genetics

TermDefinition
heredity the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.
genetics the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
traits Characteristics or attributes of an organism that are expressed by genes and/or influenced by the environment.
alleles Set of genetic information for a trait (AA, Aa, aa). Also known as genes.
Gregor Mendel Father of genetics. Studied pea plants
Genotype Different forms of a gene. Refers to the allele makeup (AA, Aa, or aa).
Phenotype The physical characteristics of an organism
Dominant Genes that are stronger. it actually masks or covers up the weaker trait. Represented by an Uppercase letter.
Recessive Genes that are weaker. They are hidden by the dominant genes. Represented by a lowercase letter
DNA Found in the chromosomes. Also known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Chromosomes a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. We have 46.
fertilization Combining of the male and female sex cells (gametes) to form a new organism
homozygous Having two of the same alleles (AA, or aa)
heterozygous Having two different alleles (Aa)
punnett square The Punnett square is a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
Hybrid DEFINITION: offspring of two different true-breeding varieties; having different traits or alleles (Bb, Dd, Ff)
purebred DEFINITION: the offspring of many generations that have the same traits or alleles (BB, bb, DD, dd).
Created by: meekinsscience
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