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Genetics
Chapter 10
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Genetics | Scientific study of heredity |
Fertilization | Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to make a new cell |
Trait | Specific character of an individual |
True-Breeding (Pure) | A kind of breeding in which the parents with a particular phenotype produce offspring only with the same phenotype. |
Hybird | Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
Segregation | Separation of alleles during gamete formation |
Independant Assortment | One of Mendel's principals that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of Gametes |
Gametes | Sex Cell |
Homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
Hetrozygous | Having two different alleles for a particular gene |
Phenotype | Physical Characteristics of an organism |
Genotype | Genetic Makeup of an Organism |
Dominant | The first and important allele |
Recessive | Carried in a person's genes without appearing in that person. |
Allele | One of a number of different forms of a gene |
Incomplete Dominance | Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele |
Codominance | Situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed |
Punnett Square | Diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross |
Multiple Allele Trait | A trait that has more alleles in the genes |
Polygenic Trait | Trait controlled by two or more genes |
X-Linked Trait | X-linked inheritance means that the gene causing the trait or the disorder is located on the X chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes |
Carrier | A person or other organism that has inherited a recessive allele for a genetic trait or mutation but does not display that trait or show symptoms of the disease. |
Autosome | Chromosome that is not a sex chromosome, also called autosomal chromosome |