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Genetics
Chapter 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Genetics | scientific study of heredity |
| Fertilization | Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell |
| Trait | specific characteristic of an individual |
| True-Breeding (Pure) | same as phenotype |
| Hybrid | offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| Segregation | separation of alleles during gamete formation |
| Independent Assortment | one of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregation independently during the formation of gametes |
| Gametes | sex cell |
| Homozygous | having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
| Heterozygous | having two different alleles for a particular gene |
| Phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism |
| Genotype | genetic makeup of an organism |
| Dominant | The first allele, also a gene choice that masks other choice of traits |
| Recessive | The second allele, also a gene choice that is masked by anther choice of traits |
| Allele | One of a number of different forms of a gene |
| Incomplete Dominance | situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another cell |
| Codominance | situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed |
| Punnett Square | diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross |
| Multiple Allele trait | a series of three or more alternative or allelic forms of a gene, only two of which can exist in any normal, diploid individual. |
| Polygenic Trait | trait controlled by two or more genes |
| X-Linked Trait | That the gene causing the trait of disorder is on the x chromosome |
| Carrier | A heterozygous individual bearing an unexpressed defective gene |
| Autosome | Chromosomes that is not a sex chromosome: also called autosomal chromosome |
Created by:
abigo
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