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EMS Chapter27 Chest
Emergency Care & Transp. 10th Edition 2011 Jones & Bartlett
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cardiac tamponade (pericardial tamponade) | Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output. |
| closed chest injury | An injury to the chest in which the skin is not broken, usually caused by blunt trauma. |
| commotio cordis | A blunt chest injury caused by a sudden, direct blow to the chest that occurs only during the critical portion of a person's heartbeat. |
| flail chest | A condition in which two or more ribs are fractured in two or more places or in association with a fracture of the sternum so that a segment of the chest wall is effectively detached from the rest of the thoracic cage. |
| flutter valve | A one-way valve that allows air to leave the chest cavity but not return; formed by taping three sides of an occlusive dressing to the chest wall, leaving the fourth side open as a valve. |
| hemopneumothorax | The accumulation of blood and air in the pleural space of the chest. |
| hemothorax | A collection of blood in the pleural cavity. |
| myocardial contusion | A bruise of the heart muscle. |
| occlusive dressing | A dressing made of Vaseline-impregnated gauze, aluminum foil, or plastic that protects a wound from air and bacteria. |
| open chest injury | An injury to the chest in which the chest wall itself is penetrated by a fractured rib or, more frequently, by an external object such as a bullet or knife. |
| open pneumothorax | An open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration, creating a sucking sound; also referred to as a sucking chest wound. |
| paradoxical motion | The motion of the portion of the chest wall that is detached in a flail chest; the motion—in during inhalation, out during exhalation—is exactly the opposite of normal chest wall motion during breathing. |
| pericardium | The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart. |
| pneumothorax | A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space. |
| pulmonary contusion | Injury or bruising of lung tissue that results in hemorrhage. |
| simple pneumothorax | Any pneumothorax that is free from significant physiologic changes and does not cause drastic changes in the vital signs of the patient. |
| spontaneous pneumothorax | A pneumothorax that occurs when a weak area on the lung ruptures in the absence of major injury, allowing air to leak into the pleural space. |
| sucking chest wound | An open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration, creating a sucking sound. See also open pneumothorax. |
| tachypnea | Increased respiratory rate. |
| tension pneumothorax | A life-threatening collection of air within the pleural space; the volume and pressure have both collasped the involved lung and caused a shift of the mediastinal structures to the opposite side. |
| traumatic asphyxia | A pattern of injuries seen after a severe force is applied to the chest, forcing blood from the great vessels back into the head and neck. |
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