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Ventilation Disorder

Chapter 38 Nursing 1115

QuestionAnswer
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Noncardiac pulmonary edema and progressive refractory hypoxemia.
Asphyxiation Oxygen deprivation.
Asthma Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that is characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing.
Atelectasis Collapse of lung tissue following obstruction of the bronchus or bronchioles.
Bronchiectasis Permanent abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchi and destruction of bronchial walls, usually accompanied by infection.
Bronchitis Inflammation of the bronchi.
Chronic bronchitis Excessive secretion of bronchial mucus characterized by a productive cough lasting 3 or more months in 2 consecutive years.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Chronic air flow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema.
Clubbing Enlargement and blunting of the terminal portion of the fingers; associated with chronic hypoxemia.
Cor pulmonale Condition of right ventricular hypertrophy and failure that results from long-standing pulmonary hypertension.
Cyanosis A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to oxygen deficiency.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) Inherited disorder of the exocrine glands that results in the secretion of abnormal amounts of mucus.
Dyspnea Labored or difficult breathing.
Emphysema Destruction of the walls of the alveoli, with resulting enlargement of abnormal air spaces.
Empyema Accumulation of purulent exudate in the pleural cavity.
Flail chest Free-floating segment of the chest wall.
Hemoptysis Bloody sputum
Hemothorax Blood in the pleural space.
Hypercapnia Increased blood levels of carbon dioxide.
Hypoxemia Decreased oxygen concentration in the blood, measured by PaO2.
Lobectomy Surgical removal of tumors in a single lobe of lung.
Lung abscess Localized area of lung destruction or necrosis and pus formation.
Pleural effusion Inflammation of the lung parenchyma (the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli).
Pleuritis Inflammation of the pleura.
Pneumonectomy Removal of an entire lung.
Pneumonia Inflammation of the lung parenchyma (the respiratory bronchioles and alveo
Pneumothorax Results when air enters the pleural space due to blunt and penetrating injuries to the chest.
Pulmonary embolism Sudden occlusion of a pulmonary artery resulting in disruption of blood supply to the lung parenchyma.
Pulmonary hypertension Condition in which the pulmonary arterial pressure is elevated to an abnorma
Respiratory failure Inability of lungs to oxygenate the blood and remove carbon dioxide adequately to meet the body's needs, even at rest.
Sarcoidosis Systemic disease characterized by granulomas in the lungs, lymph nodes, liver, eyes, skin, and other organs.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Lower respiratory illness of unknown etiology; spread by close person-to-person contact.
Status asthmaticus Severe, prolonged asthma that does not respond to routine treatment. Without aggressive therapy, status asthmaticus can lead to respiratory failure with hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and acidosis.
Thoracentesis Invasive procedure in which fluid (or occasionally air) is removed from the pleural space with a needle.
Thoracotomy Incision of the chest wall to gain access to the lung for surgery.
Tuberculosis (TB) Chronic, recurrent infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis usually affects the lungs, although any organ can be affected.
Weaning Process of removing the client from ventilator support and reestablishing spontaneous, independent respirations
Created by: keystudent
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