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EMS Chapter 10 Shock
Emergency Care & Transp. 10th Edition 2011 Jones & Bartlett
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| afterload | The force or resistance against which the heart pumps. |
| anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock) | An extreme, life-threatening systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure. |
| aneurysm | A swelling or enlargement of part of a blood vessel, resulting from weakening of the vessel wall. |
| autonomic nervous system | The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary functions, such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and sweating. |
| cardiogenic shock | A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions. |
| compensated shock | The early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss. |
| cyanosis | A bluish gray skin color that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood. |
| decompensated shock | The late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling. |
| dehydration | Loss of water from the tissues of the body. |
| distributive shock | A condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both. |
| edema | The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area. |
| homeostasis | A balance of all systems of the body. |
| hypothermia | A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95°F (35°C), usually as a result of prolonged exposure to cool or freezing temperatures. |
| hypovolemic shock | A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inadequate perfusion. |
| irreversible shock | The final stage of shock, resulting in death. |
| myocardial contractility | The ability of the heart muscle to contract. |
| neurogenic shock | Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries. |
| obstructive shock | Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body's tissues. |
| perfusion | Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet current needs of the cells. |
| preload | The precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood builds up. |
| psychogenic shock | Shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope). |
| sensitization | Developing a sensitivity to a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction. |
| septic shock | Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection. |
| shock | A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function; also called hypoperfusion. |
| sphincters | Muscles arranged in circles that are able to decrease the diameter of tubes. Examples are found within the rectum, bladder, and blood vessels. |
| syncope | A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness, often caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain. |
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