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Genetics
Ch. 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Genetics | Study of heredity |
| Fertilization | process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new clel |
| Trait | specific characteristic of an individual |
| True-Breeding (homozygous) | having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
| Hybrid | offspring crosses between parents with different traits |
| Segregation | separation of alleles during gamete formation |
| Independent Assortment | one of Mendels principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes |
| Gametes | sex cells |
| Homozygous | having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
| Heterozygous | having two different alleles for a particular gene |
| Phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism |
| Genotype | genetic makeup of an organism |
| Dominant | the gene that always shows up |
| Recessive | the gene that is hidden |
| Allele | one of a number of different forms of a gene |
| Incomplete Dominance | situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele |
| Codominance | situation in which the phenotype produced by both alleles are completely expressed |
| Punnett Square | diagram that can be used to predict the phenotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross |
| Multiple Allele Trait | a gene that has more than two alleles |
| Polygenic Trait | trait controlled by two or more genes |
| Sex-Linked trait | trait controlled by one gene that has two alleles |
| Carrier | have the gene but you don't have the disease |
| Autosome | chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; also called autosomal chromosome |