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Genetics
Ch. 10
Term | Definition |
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Genetics | Study of heredity |
Fertilization | process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new clel |
Trait | specific characteristic of an individual |
True-Breeding (homozygous) | having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
Hybrid | offspring crosses between parents with different traits |
Segregation | separation of alleles during gamete formation |
Independent Assortment | one of Mendels principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes |
Gametes | sex cells |
Homozygous | having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
Heterozygous | having two different alleles for a particular gene |
Phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism |
Genotype | genetic makeup of an organism |
Dominant | the gene that always shows up |
Recessive | the gene that is hidden |
Allele | one of a number of different forms of a gene |
Incomplete Dominance | situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele |
Codominance | situation in which the phenotype produced by both alleles are completely expressed |
Punnett Square | diagram that can be used to predict the phenotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross |
Multiple Allele Trait | a gene that has more than two alleles |
Polygenic Trait | trait controlled by two or more genes |
Sex-Linked trait | trait controlled by one gene that has two alleles |
Carrier | have the gene but you don't have the disease |
Autosome | chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; also called autosomal chromosome |