click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Genetics
Chapter
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Genetics | Scientific study of heredity |
Fertilization | Process in sexual reproduction where male and female cells join to form a new cell |
Trait | Specific characteristics of an individual |
True-Breeding(Pure) | Same as homozygous, having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
Hybrid | Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
Segregation | Separation of alleles during gamete formation |
Independent Assortment | One of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes |
Gametes | Sex cells |
Homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a particular gene |
Phenotype | Physical characteristics of an organism |
Genotype | Genetic makeup of an organism |
Dominant | The trait that is most likely to show up |
Recessive | The trait that is least likely to show up, will only show if there is no dominant trait |
Allele | One of a number of different forms of a gene |
Incomplete Dominance | Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele |
Codominance | Situation in which the phenotype's produced by both alleles are completely ezpressed |
Punnett Square | Diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic square |
Multiple Allele Trait | A gene that has more than two alleles |
Polygenic Trait | Trait controlled by two or more genes |
Sex-Linked Trait | Gene located on a sex chromosome |
Carrier | Carries the disease but does not have it |
Autosome | Chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; also called autosomal chromosome |