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AP Bio Chapter 14
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Character | a heritable feature that varies amoung individuals |
| trait | each variant for a character |
| true-breeding | when offspring are of the same variety as their parent |
| hybridization | the mating or cross breeding of two varieties |
| monohybrid cross | the term for a cross that tracks the inheritance of a single character |
| P generation | (parental) the true-breeding parents |
| F1 generation | (for first filial, refering to the offspring) their hybrid offspring |
| F2 generation | (second filial)the product of when the F1 hybrids self-pollenate |
| alleles | an alternative form of a gene |
| dominant allele | fully expressed in the organism's appearance |
| recessive allele | has no noticable effect on the organism's appearance |
| law of segregation | Mendel's first law that states that the allele pairs segregates independently during gametes formation, and then randomly re-form pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization |
| homozygous | an organism having a pair of identical alleles for a character for the gene controlling that character |
| heterozygous | organisms having two different alleles for a gene |
| phenotype | the distinction between an organisms appearance, ratio of dominant:recessive |
| genotype | the distinction between the genetic make-up , ratio of BB:Bb:bb |
| dihybrid cross | the mating between parents with two different characteristics |
| law of independent assortment | the independent segregation of each pair of alleles during gamete formation |
| incomplete dominance | where the F1 hybrids have an appearance somewhere in between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties |
| complete dominance | the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable |
| codominance | in which both alleles are separately manifest in the phenotype |
| pleiotropy | the ability of a gene to affect an organism in many ways |
| epistasis | when a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gener at a second locus |
| quantitative characters | a heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences ans the additive effect of two or more genes |
| polygenic inheritances | ann additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character (the converse of pleiotropy where a single gene affects several phenotypic characters) |
| norm of reaction | the phenotypic range for a genetype |
| pedigree | the organization of the information describing the interrelationships of parents and children across generations |
| cystic fibrosis | the most common lethal genetic disease in the US |
| Tay-Sachs disease | a lethal disorder inherited as a recessive allele, higher risk in Jewish people |
| sickle cell disease | the most common inherited disease amoung blacks, caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein of red blood cells |
| Huntington's Disease | a degenerative disease of the nervous system, is caused by a lethal dominant allele that has no obvious phenotypic effect until the individual is 35 to 45 in age |
| amniocentesis | tests that can determine whether the developing fetus has Tay-Sachs disease |
| chorionic villus sampling(CVS) | when the physician suctions off a small amount of fetal tissue from the placenta |
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stophammertime1290
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