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Biology Test
Cell Parts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of system is used to classify all living things? | Three domain system |
| What are the three domains? | Bacteria, Archaebacteria, and Eukaryotes. |
| What are the four types of eukaryotes? | protists, plants, fungi, and animals |
| What is the most prolific (abundant) kingdom? | Bacteria |
| How many shapes of bacteria are there and what are the shapes? | Three shapes- rods, spheres, and spirals. |
| How many cells do prokaryotic organisms contain? | one |
| How big are prokayotes compared to eukaryotes? | 1/10 the size |
| What organelle do eukaryotes have? | Ribosomes |
| What is a prokaryotes DNA like? | Circular |
| What are the three methods prokaryotes use to acquire energy? | photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, and heterotrophic |
| How do photoautotrophs obtain energy? | photosynthesis |
| How do chemoautotrophs obtain energy? | Oxidizing inorganic compounds... nitrogen sulfur, hydrogen. |
| How do heterotrophs obtain energy? | Consuming other plant/animal matter...decomposers and pathogens. |
| In what ways are bacteria important to life on Earth? | Decomposing, nitrogen fixation, help in digestion, and produce foods and medicines. |
| How do eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes? | They have membrane bound organelles and a nucleus. |
| Define organelles | Units within a cell that perform specific functions. |
| Cell membrane | Selectively permeable lipid bilayer. |
| Cytoplasm/cytosol | Jelly-like substance, holds organelles in place |
| Mitochondria | creates cellular energy- ATP |
| Golgi body | Packages proteins and fats into usable substances |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum- Rough/Smooth | Transports proteins. Rough: has ribosomes. Smooth: no ribosomes |
| Ribosomes | Make proteins |
| Nucleus | Contains DNA, "brain of the cell" |
| Nuclear envelope | Nucleus membrane |
| Chromatin | DNA/proteins in nucleus |
| Nucleolus | Produces ribosomes |
| Vesicles | Remove wastes and bring nutrients into the cell |
| Lysosomes | Contain enzymes that digest wastes |
| What three parts are found only in animal cells and what are their functions? | Cell wall- supports and protects the cell Chloroplasts- create energy Vacuoles- large sack of water, supports cell |
| What is found in the cell membrane between phospholipids? | Integral proteins. |
| What are proteins called found on the outside of the cell membrane? | Peripheral proteins. |
| Define passive transport | The movement of molecules across the cell membrane using none of the cell's energy |
| What are the three types of passive transport? | Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis |
| What is diffusion? | The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration. |
| What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion? | Facilitated diffusion uses ion channels. |
| What is osmosis? | The diffusion of water across a cell membrane. |
| Define isotonic. | When there is an equal amount of water inside and outside of the cell. |
| Define hypotonic. | Less solutes in the cell than outside. |
| What happens to a hypotonic cell? | It pushes water out to lower concentration of molecules on the outside and shrinks. |
| What is it called when a hypotonic cell shrinks? | Plasmolysis. |
| Define hypertonic | More solutes in the cell than outside. |
| What happens to a hypertonic cell? | Water moves in through osmosis and the cell swells. |
| What is the expansion of a plant cell called? | Turgor pressure |
| What is the explosion of a cell called? | Cytolysis |
| How is active transport different from passive transport? | It uses the cell's energy (ATP) to move molecules across the cell membrane. |
| Why does active transport require energy? | Because the molecules are moving up the concentration gradient (from low concentration to high concentration) |
| When is active transport used? | To get large molecules across cell membrane, get rid of wastes, obtain food. |
| What are the four types of active transport? | Pumps, gated channels, endocytosis, and exocytosis. |
| What is one type of pump? | Sodium potassium pump |
| What are gated channels? | Integral proteins that open and close. |
| What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis? | Exocytosis gets rid of molecules and endocytosis brings molecules into the cell. |
| How do endocytosis and exocytosis work? | Vesicles surround molecules and transport them either in or out of the cell. |
Created by:
soxlova417
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