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ES Chapter 19

TermDefinition
stress is the total force acting on crustal rocks per unit of area.
strain the deformation of materials in response to stress.
elastic deformation is caused when a material is compressed bent or stretched.
plastic deformation when stress builds up past a certain print called the elastic limit rocks undergo this.
fault is any fracture or system of fractures along which earth moves.
seismic wave the vibrations of the ground produced during an earthquake.
primary wave this squeezes and pushes rocks in the direction along which the waves are traveling.
focus the point where were the waves originated.
epicenter the point on Earth's surface directly above the earth's surface
seismometer most of the vibrations caused by seismic waves cannot be felt at great distances from an earthquake's epicenter but they can be detected by sensitive instruments.
seismogram the record produced by a seismometer.
richter scale devised by a geologist named charles rigter is numerical rating system that measures rating system that measures the energy of the largest seismic waves.
magnitude hat are produced during an earthquake.
moment magnitude scale is a rating scale that measures the energy released by an
modified mercalli scale the measure called the intensity of an earthquake.
soil liquefaction in areas can cause the ground to behave like a liquid in a phenomenon
tsunami a large ocean wave generated by vertical motions motions of the seafloor during an earthquake.
seismic gap are sections located along faults that are known to be active but which have not experienced significant earthquakes for a long period of time.
Created by: garrettreed
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