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Ch 19 Vocab.

TermDefinition
stress the total force acting on crustal rocks involved, movement occurs along fractures in the rocks
strain the deformation of materials in response to stress
elastic deformation caused when a material is compressed, bent, or stretched
plastic deformation permanent deformation caused by strain when stress exceeds a certain value
fault any fracture of system of fractures along which earth moves
seismic wave the vibrations of the ground produced during an earthquake
primary wave squeeze and push rocks in the direction along which the waves are traveling
secondary wave are named with respect to their arrival times
focus point where the waves originate
epicenter the point on earth's surface directly above the focus
seismometer record produced by a seismometer that can provide individual tracking of each type of seismic wave
seismogram record produced by a seismometer
Rickter scale devised by a geologist named Charles Richter, is a numerical rating system that measures the energy of the largest seismic waves
magnitude the measure of the energy released during an earthquake
amplitude the size of the seismic waves; an increase of 1 in the scalere represents an increase in amplitude of a factor of 10
moment magnitude scale is a rating scale that measures the energy released by an earthquake, taking into account the size of the fault rupture. the amount of movement along the fault, and the rocks' stiffness
modified Mercalli scale is used to measure earthquake intensity on a scale form I-XII (1-10)
soil liquefaction process associated with seismic vibrations that occur in areas of sand that is nearly saturated; resulting in the ground behaving like a liquid
tsunami large, powerful ocean wage generated by the vertical motions of the seafloor during an earthquake; in shallow water, can form huge, fast-moving breakers exceeding 30 m in height that can damage coastal areas
seismic gap sections located along faults that are known to be active, but which have not experienced significant earthquakes for a long period of time
Created by: selenamercado
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