Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Micro Innate Immun
Micro106 - Innate Immunity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Serum | Serum is the fluid part of blood, it contains minerals, salts proteins. Plasma is serum that contains clotting agents |
| RBC | Also known as erythrocytes – carry oxygen, lack a nucleus |
| Platelets | Important component in blood clotting, lack a nucleus |
| WBC | Leukocytes – immunity |
| Granulocytes | Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils & mast cells |
| Agranulocytes | Monocytes & macrophages, lymphocytes, dendritic cells |
| Neutrophils | Polymorphonuclear phagocytes – PMNs |
| Monocytes | Phagocytes that mature into macrophages in tissues. Also secrete cytokine |
| Lymphocytes | Move to the lymph after maturation |
| B & T lymphocytes | Involved in acquired immunity |
| Dendritic cells | Found in the skin & other portals of entry. Branched cells involved in acquired immunity, function as scouts, engulf material & bring it to cells of adaptive immunity |
| Lymph | Clear fluid surrounding tissue cells & filling intercellular spaces |
| Lymphatic system | Collection of tissues & organs that bring lymphocytes in contact with antigens |
| Primary lymph organs & tissues | Thymus & bone marrow |
| Secondary lymph tissues | Spleen – contains cells that monitor & fight infection Lymph nodes – contain phagocytes & lymphocytes, Tonsils, adenoids & appendix |
| Innate immunity or nonspecific resistance | Genetically encoded to recognize common pathogenic features & foreign substances |
| Cytokines | Chemical signals between cells – initiates acquired immunity – cytokines are proteins that bind to receptors of other cells |
| Acquired immunity or specific resistance | Involves production of lymphocytes & antibodies specific to the pathogen |
| Mechanical barriers | Skin & mucous membranes |
| Skin as a barrier | Covers majority of surface, difficult to penetrate, dry, salty environment, microbes are shed with outer layers of skin |
| Mucous membranes | Line digestive, respiratory & genitourinary tracts, mucus traps microbes, cilia expel microbes |
| Chemical barriers | pH, defensins, lysozomes, interferons |
| pH | Specific pH levels in body resist infection – lactobacilli in vagina & low pH of stomach – acid environments |
| Defensisn | Antimicrobial peptides found in body secretions – damages membranes in microbes |
| Lysozyme | Enzyme found in tears, sweat & saliva – lyses gram positive bacteria by degrading peptidoglycan |
| Interferons | Protein cytokines that trigger macrophage activation, interfere with RNA viruses |
| Normal microbiota as barrier | Microorganisms found growing on body surfaces of healthy individuals, protect by competitive exclusion, out compete pathogens for nutrients & attachment sites |
| Phagocytosis | The capture & digestion of foreign particles |
| Phagocytes | Specialized cells that engulf & digest microbes |
| Phagosome | Structure that hold microbes, phagosome is acidified, kills or inactivates the pathogen |
| Phagolysosome | Phagosomes fuse with lysosomes to form phagolysosomes – enzymes & reactive oxygen species kill & digest the pathogen |
| Inflammation | Inflammation is initiated by microbial invasion or tissue damage |
| Macrophages | Macrophages secrete cytokines – triggers vasodilatation and capillary permeability – increases blood flow & plasma leaks from capillaries |
| Edema | Fluid flows into injured tissue |
| Diapedesis | More phagocytes migrate between capillary cells |
| Mast cells | Secrete histamines which increase vasodilatation |
| Fibrin clots | Prevent spread of pathogens |
| Abscess formation | Bacteria & dying neutrophils |
| Low to moderate fever | Supports the immune system, inhibits rapid microbial growth, encourages tissue repair, helps with phagocytosis |
| Pyrogens | Pyrogens are a cytokines produced by some leukocytes, affect the hypothalamus causing elevated body temp |
| Complement | Complement is a series of normally inactive proteins that circulate in the bloodstream – become activated in the presence of microbes – initiates cascade of reactions |
| Classical pathway | Antibody-microbe complexes activate complement proteins that activate C3 convertase that leads to inflammation |
| Alternative pathway | The complement protein C3 binds to the pathogen cell surface to activate C3 convertase that leads to – leads to opsonization |
| Pathogen associated molecular patterns PAMPs | Helps the innate immune system recognize danger signs on pathogens |
| Pathogen danger signs | LPS layer of gram negative cell walls, peptidoglycan, flagella |
| Toll like receptors TLRs | Signaling receptors – mediate a specific response to PAMPs – stimulate secretion of cytokines |
Created by:
jrb265
Popular Nursing sets