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SHS Adv Biology 1
Cell Transport Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Passive transport | The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
Osmosis | The diffusion of water |
Isotonic | A solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside the cell |
Facilitated diffusion | The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins |
Endocytosis | The process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell |
Phagocytosis | The process by which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells, either as a defense mechanism or as a means to obtain food |
Sodium-Potassium Pump | A carrier protein that used ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell |
Diffusion | The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density |
Concentration gradiant | A difference in the concentration of a s substance across a distance |
Exocytosis | The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and expels it. |
Hypotonic | Describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell |
Hypertonic | Describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cells |
Contractile Vacuole | An organelle that accumulates water and then releases it periodically to maintain osmotic pressure |
Plasmolysis | The contraction or shrinking of the cell membrane |
Cytolysis | The bursting of a cell |
Carrier protein | A protein that transports substances across a cell membrane |
Ion channel | A complex of protein molecules in a cell membrane that form a pore through which ions can pass |
Active transport | The movement of chemical substances across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy |
Pinocytosis | A method of active transport across the cell membrane in which the cell takes in extracellular fluids |