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SHS Adv Biology 1
Cell Transport Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Passive transport | The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water |
| Isotonic | A solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside the cell |
| Facilitated diffusion | The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins |
| Endocytosis | The process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell |
| Phagocytosis | The process by which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells, either as a defense mechanism or as a means to obtain food |
| Sodium-Potassium Pump | A carrier protein that used ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell |
| Diffusion | The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density |
| Concentration gradiant | A difference in the concentration of a s substance across a distance |
| Exocytosis | The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and expels it. |
| Hypotonic | Describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell |
| Hypertonic | Describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cells |
| Contractile Vacuole | An organelle that accumulates water and then releases it periodically to maintain osmotic pressure |
| Plasmolysis | The contraction or shrinking of the cell membrane |
| Cytolysis | The bursting of a cell |
| Carrier protein | A protein that transports substances across a cell membrane |
| Ion channel | A complex of protein molecules in a cell membrane that form a pore through which ions can pass |
| Active transport | The movement of chemical substances across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy |
| Pinocytosis | A method of active transport across the cell membrane in which the cell takes in extracellular fluids |