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Earth Science Quiz
Running Water Quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hydrologic Cycle | (Water Cycle)- The constant movement of water among the oceans, geosphere, and atmosphere. |
| Infiltration | The movement of surface water into rock or soil through cracks and pores |
| Transpiration | When absorbed water in plants is released into the atmosphere. |
| Gradient | The slope of a stream over a certain distance |
| Stream channel | The course that the water in a stream follows |
| Discharge | The quantity of water in a stream that passes a given point in a period of time. |
| Tributary | A stream that empties itself into another stream. |
| Meander | A loop-like bend in the course of a stream. |
| Bed load | Sediment that is carried by a stream along the bottom of it's channel |
| Capacity | The total amount of sediment a stream is able to transport |
| Delta | An accumulation of sediment formed where a stream enters a lake or an ocean |
| Natural levee | An elevated land form that parallels a stream and acts to confine its waters, except during floodstage. |
| Floodplain | The flat, low lying portion of a stream valley subject to periodic flooding. |
| Flood | Occurs when the discharge of a stream becomes so great that it exceeds the carrying capacity of its channel and overflows its bank. |
| Drainage Basin | The land area that contributes water to a stream. |
| Divide | An imaginary line that separates the drainage of two streams; often found along a ridge. |
| What are the main sources of water in streams and rivers? | Precipitation, snow melt, runoff, and groundwater. |
| What the largest divide in the U.S. and where is it located? | The Continental Divide- The Rocky Mountains |
| How is the earth's water distributed? | Mostly in oceans, some in glaciers and ice sheets, very small amount is groundwater, lakes, streams, soil moisture, atmosphere, and in organisms. |
| Is there more evaporation or precipitation of ocean water? | Evaporation. |
| Is there more evaporation or precipitation of land water? | Precipitation. |
| What is the major erosional agent? | Runoff. |
| What contains over 5 times the water in Earth's ocean? | The deep water cycle- water in magma. |
| How do rivers form? | Rills-->Gullies-->Stream-->Larger stream (river) |
| What is velocity? | The distance water travels per unit time (km/hr) |
| What is the formula for velocity? | V=d/t |
| What does velocity determine? | How much a stream erodes and transports sediments. |
| What affects velocity? | Gradient, shape of channel, width of channel, depth of channel, roughness (boulders=more friction), and discharge. |
| What are three important things a stream does? | Erodes, carries sediments, deposits sediments. |
| How do rivers erode channels? | Mechanically, carried sediments abrade the channel. |
| What is any sediment called that is transported by a stream? | Load |
| What is dissolved load? | The load that is dissolved in the water. |
| What is the suspended load? | The "murkiness" of a stream. Particles that are suspended due to the water's movement. |
| What is the bed load? | Larger particles or rocks that move slowly along the bottom of the river. |
| What is saltation? | The slow movement of the bed load. |
| Define competence. | The largest particles a stream can carry. |
| Define capacity. | The maximum load. |
| Would a high velocity increase or decrease competence? | Increase. |
| What might cause a stream to deposit material? | If its velocity decreases then its competence would also decrease causing larger sediments to settle. |
| What is critical settling velocity? | The velocity at which different size particles settle. |
| What is sorting or alluvium? | When particles are separated by size and deposited together. |
| What would cause a meandor? | When a river reaches sediments that it cannot break down and has to curve. |
| How do v-shaped valleys form? | When a river erodes downward in between mountains or hills. |
| How do oxbow lakes form? | When a river's curves become very wide and the river cuts off a curve. Eventually a lake forms where the river used to curve. |
| How and where do alluvian fans form? | At the base of a mountain where a stream enters a flat plane- sediments are deposited in a fan shape due to sudden velocity decrease. |
Created by:
soxlova417
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