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Chaptern 19

TermDefinition
stress the total force acting on crystal rocks per unit of area
strain the deformation of materials in response to stress
elastic deformation caused when a material is compressed, bent, or stretched
plastic deformation a type of strain causing permanent deformation
fault any fracture or system of fractures along which Earth moves
seismic wave the vibration of the ground produced during an earthquake
primary wave waves that squeeze and push rocks in the direction along which the waves are traveling
secondary wave waves that have a motion that causes rock to move at right angles in relation to the direction of the waves
focus the point where the waves originate
epicenter where surface waves originate (directly above the focus)
seismometer instrument used to measure horizontal or vertical motion during an earthquake
seismogram the record produced by a seismometer
Richter scale numerical rating system used to measure the amount of energy released during an earthquake
magnitude measure of the energy released during an earthquake, which can be described using the Richter scale
amplitude the size of the seismic waves; an increase of 1 in the scale represents an increase in amplitude of a factor of 10
moment magnitude scale scale used to measure earthquake magnitude- taking into account the size of the fault rupture, the rocks' stiffness, amount of movement along the fault
modified Mercalli scale measures earthquake intensity on a scale from I to XII (1-12); the greater the damage the earthquake has caused
soil liquefaction process associated with seismic vibrations that occur in areas of sand that is nearly saturated; resulting in the ground behaving like a liquid
tsunami large, powerful ocean wave generated by the vertical motions of the seafloor during an earthquake
seismic gap place along an active fault that has not experienced an earthquake for a long time
Created by: spjaco
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