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Chapter 19

QuestionAnswer
stress is the total force acting on crustal rocks per unit of area
strain deformation of materials in response to stress
elastic deformation is caused when a materials is compressed, bent, or stretched
plastic deformation stress builds up past a certain point
fault is any fracture or system of fractures along which Earth moves
seismic wave the vibrations of the ground produced during an earthquake
primary wave squeeze adn push rocks in the direction along which the waves are traveling
secondary wave respect to their arraival time
focus point where the waves originate
epicenter point on Earth's surface directly above the focus
seismometers detected by sensitive instruments
seismogram record produced by a seismometer
amplitude largest seismic wave
magnitude are produced during an earthquake
modified mercalli scale which rates the types of damage and other effects of an earthquake as noted by observers during and after its occurrence
moment magnitude scale a rating scale that measures the energy released by an earthquake, taking into account the size of the fault rupture, the amount of movement along the fault, and the rocks stifffness
Richter scale devised by a geologist named Charles Richter, is a numerical rating system that measures the energy of the largest seismic waves
soil liquefaction seismic vibrations can cause the ground to behave like a liquid in a phenomenon
tsunami a large ocean wave generated by vertical motions of the seafloor during an earhtquake
seismic gap are sections located along faults that are know to be active, but which have not experienced significant earthquakes for a long period of time.
Created by: wtune
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