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Chapter 8 vocab

QuestionAnswer
Fold mountain A mountain made up mostly of rock layers folded by being squeezed together
Fault-block mountain A mountain made by huge tilted blocks of rocks separated from surrounding rocks by faults
Weathering The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces by natural process
Erosion The picking up and removal of rock particles
Soil A mixture of weatherd rock,decayed plant and animal matter,living things,air and water
Humus Material in soil formed by the break down of plant and animal material
Soil horizon Any layers of soil from the surface to the bedrock below
Groundwater Water that soaks into soil and rock by collecting in spaces between rock particles
Mass wasting The downhill movement of Earth's material caused by gravity
Deposition The dropping off of sediment
Glacier A huge sheet of ice and snow that moves slowly over land
Till A jumble of many sizes of sediment deposited by a glacier
Moraine A deposit of many sizes of sediment in front of or along the sides of a glacier
Mineral A naturally occurring solid in Earth's crust with a definite structure and composition
Igneous rock A rock that forms when hot,liquid lava cools and hardens
Sedimentary rock A rock that forms from pieces of other rocks squeezed or cemented together
Metamorphic rock A rock that forms from another kind of rock that is changed by heat,pressure,or a chemical reaction
Rock cycle Rocks continually changing from one kind into another in a never ending process
Superposition The idea that in a series of rocks the bottom layer is the oldest and the top is the youngest
Relative age The age of a rock as compared to another
Geologic column A listing of Earth's rock layers in order from oldest to youngest
Fossil Any trace,imprint,or remains a living thing persevered in Earth's crust
Index fossil The remains of a living thing that was widespread but lived in only a short part of Earth's history
Half life The time it takes for half the mass of a radioactive element in a rock to break apart or decay into other elements
Absolute age The age of a rock in years determined by measuring the decay rate of its radioactive elements
Era One of the four long stretches of time in Earth's history from the earliest Precabrian era through the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras to the Cenozonic era
Created by: 17lblackburn
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